{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T06:00:25Z","timestamp":1794031225676,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-AG034588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG034588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-AG026364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AG026364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-119159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-119159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-HL079955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL079955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01-MH091352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-MH091352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA"},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["5P30 AG028748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P30 AG028748"]}]},{"name":"UCLA Social Genomics Core Laboratory","award":["P30-AG107265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AG107265"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,20]],"date-time":"2012-07-20T15:06:29Z","timestamp":1342796789000},"page":"1095-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":502,"title":["Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction training reduces loneliness and pro-inflammatory gene expression in older adults: A small randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"J. David","family":"Creswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Burklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesusa M.G.","family":"Arevalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Crabb","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.10.007","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral stress management reverses anxiety-related leukocyte transcriptional dynamics","volume":"71","author":"Antoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bpg015","article-title":"Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review","volume":"10","author":"Baer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104268029","article-title":"Assessment of mindfulness by self-report","volume":"11","author":"Baer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000330362","article-title":"Influence of mindfulness practice on cortisol and sleep in long-term and short-term mediators","volume":"65","author":"Brand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/10478400701598298","article-title":"Mindfulness: theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects","volume":"18","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0030","series-title":"Transcending self-interest: psychological explorations of the quiet ego","first-page":"75","article-title":"Beyond me: mindful responses to social threat","author":"Brown","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0035","unstructured":"Brown, K.W., Weinstein, N., Creswell, J.D., in press. Trait mindfulness modulates neuroendocrine and affective responses to social evaluative threat. Psychoneuroendocrinology. http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0306453012001369."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.06.005","article-title":"Perceived social isolation and cognition","volume":"13","author":"Cacioppo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.04.002","article-title":"One year pre-post intervention follow-up of psychological, immune, endocrine and blood pressure outcomes of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in breast and prostate cancer outpatients","volume":"21","author":"Carlson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000074003.35911.41","article-title":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress, and immune parameters in breast and prostate cancer outpatients","volume":"65","author":"Carlson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(03)00054-4","article-title":"Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients","volume":"29","author":"Carlson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(04)80028-5","article-title":"Mindfulness-based relationship enhancement\u2217","volume":"35","author":"Carson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000097109.90783.FC","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and onset of cardiovascular events","volume":"108","author":"Cesari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0075","unstructured":"Chodron, P., 2000. Six kinds of loneliness. Shambhala Sun. http:\/\/www.shambhalasun.com\/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=1833&Itemid=0&limit=1&limitstart=5."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01623.x","article-title":"Social regulation of human gene expression","volume":"18","author":"Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911515107","article-title":"Computational identification of gene\u2013social environment interaction at the human IL6 locus","volume":"107","author":"Cole","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R189","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-9-r189","article-title":"Social regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes","volume":"8","author":"Cole","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3080","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014218108","article-title":"Transcript origin analysis identifies antigen-presenting cells as primary targets of socially regulated gene expression in leukocytes","volume":"108","author":"Cole","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti038","article-title":"Expression-based monitoring of transcription factor activity: the TELiS database","volume":"21","author":"Cole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2576","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002576","article-title":"Genomic counter-stress changes induced by the relaxation response","volume":"3","author":"Dusek","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902113400607","article-title":"Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation","volume":"340","author":"Epstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0115","series-title":"The Biology of Human Longevity: Inflammation, Nutrition, and Aging in the Evolution of Lifespans","author":"Finch","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X03001296","article-title":"Interventions to reduce social isolation amongst older people: where is the evidence?","volume":"23","author":"Findlay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00066-2","article-title":"Associations of elevated Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly\u2217","volume":"106","author":"Harris","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8","article-title":"Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms","volume":"40","author":"Hawkley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691611419671","article-title":"How does mindfulness meditation work? Proposing mechanisms of action from a conceptual and neural perspective","volume":"6","author":"H\u00f6lzel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3042","article-title":"Reciprocal regulation of the neural and innate immune systems","volume":"11","author":"Irwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0150","series-title":"Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness","author":"Kabat-Zinn","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199809000-00020","article-title":"Influence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA)","volume":"60","author":"Kabat-Zinn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0160","unstructured":"Lengacher, C.A., Kip, K.E., Barta, M.K., Post-White, J., Jacobsen, P., Groer, M., Lehman, B., Moscoso, M.S., Kadel, R., Le, N., et al., 2012. A pilot study evaluating the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychological status, physical status, salivary cortisol, and interleukin-6 among advanced-stage cancer patients and their caregivers. J. Holist. Nurs. Available at: <http:\/\/jhn.sagepub.com\/content\/early\/2012\/02\/21\/0898010111435949.abstract> (accessed 07.07.12)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.10.011","article-title":"The validation of an active control intervention for Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)","volume":"50","author":"MacCoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868310377394","article-title":"A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness","volume":"15","author":"Masi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902971106","article-title":"Low early-life social class leaves a biological residue manifested by decreased glucocorticoid and increased proinflammatory signaling","volume":"106","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90235-5","article-title":"Social networks and longevity. A 14 year follow-up study among elderly in Denmark","volume":"33","author":"Olsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318921","article-title":"C-reactive protein: a critical update","volume":"111","author":"Pepys","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.3.472","article-title":"The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181b40efc","article-title":"Women, loneliness, and incident coronary heart disease","volume":"71","author":"Thurston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/534781","article-title":"Suffering from loneliness indicates significant mortality risk of older people","volume":"2011","author":"Tilvis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.2.234","article-title":"Loneliness and risk of Alzheimer disease","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.01.012","article-title":"Effect of mindfulness based stress reduction on immune function, quality of life and coping in women newly diagnosed with early stage breast cancer","volume":"22","author":"Witek-Janusek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."}],"container-title":["Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159112001894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0889159112001894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:30:04Z","timestamp":1760167804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0889159112001894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0889159112001894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction training reduces loneliness and pro-inflammatory gene expression in older adults: A small randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}