{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:59:50Z","timestamp":1773039590275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005781","name":"Koneen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202101976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["802933"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["802933"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Espa\u00f1a Ministerio de Ciencia Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.05426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.05426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00445\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00445\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/BIA-ECO\/0207\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-ECO\/0207\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["348352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["348352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Conservation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T00:07:21Z","timestamp":1674173241000},"page":"109905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Detecting wildlife trafficking in images from online platforms: A test case using deep learning with pangolin images"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"279","author":[{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofiya","family":"Bryukhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Renna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Reino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Di Minin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI \u201916)","article-title":"TensorFlow: a system for large-scale machine learning","author":"Abadi","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2010.01500.x","article-title":"Dealing with the clandestine nature of wildlife-trade market surveys","volume":"24","author":"Barber-Meyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0015","series-title":"Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development 1998\u201399","first-page":"156","article-title":"Convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora (CITES)","author":"Bergesen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0020","series-title":"Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things","first-page":"1","article-title":"An optimized convolutional neural network model for wild animals detection using filtering techniques and different opacity levels","author":"Bodavarapu","year":"2022"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12339","article-title":"Recent pangolin seizures in China reveal priority areas for intervention","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0030","author":"Chollet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0035","series-title":"Dynamics of E-commerce Platforms","article-title":"Online markets for pangolin-derived products","author":"Cl\u00e9ment","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0040","series-title":"Extracting and Visualizing Wildlife Trafficking Events From Wildlife Trafficking Reports","author":"Coughlin","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0045","series-title":"Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"632","article-title":"Accurate New Zealand wildlife image classification-deep learning approach","author":"Curran","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0050","series-title":"Global Ecology and Conservation","volume":"33","author":"Davies","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0055","series-title":"Advances in Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics","first-page":"15","article-title":"Fusion of deep learning features for wild animal detection","author":"Dhillon","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13104","article-title":"A framework for investigating illegal wildlife trade on social media with machine learning","volume":"33","author":"Di Minin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0065","article-title":"The dark side of social media engagement: an analysis of user-generated content in online wildlife trade communities","volume":"25","author":"Feddema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas. J. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2021.109060","article-title":"Re-evaluating the notion of value in wildlife trade research from a service marketing perspective","volume":"256","author":"Feddema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0075","first-page":"22280","article-title":"The conservation status, illegal trade and use of pangolins (Manis spp.)","volume":"18","author":"Gimeno-Gilles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euphytica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6690590","article-title":"Accurate multilevel classification for wildlife images","volume":"2021","author":"Gomez-Donoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12707","article-title":"Assessing the extent and nature of wildlife trade on the dark web","volume":"30","author":"Harrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0090","article-title":"Wanted - dead or alive: exposing online wildlife trade. International fund for","volume":"33","author":"Hastie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Welf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2021.109042","article-title":"A timely systematic review on pangolin research, commercialization, and popularization to identify knowledge gaps and produce conservation guidelines","volume":"256","author":"Heighton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0100","first-page":"241","article-title":"Where did all the pangolins go? International CITES trade in pangolin species","volume":"8","author":"Heinrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0105","series-title":"Traffic (Issue December)","article-title":"The global trafficking of pangolin: a comprehensive summary of seizures and trafficking routes from 2010-2015","author":"Heinrich","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0110","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Biostatistics","article-title":"Paired t test","volume":"6","author":"Hsu","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0115","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"4700","article-title":"Densely connected convolutional networks Gao","author":"Huang","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3390\/ai2040034","article-title":"A performance comparison and enhancement of animal species detection in images with various R-CNN models","volume":"2","author":"Ibraheam","year":"2021","journal-title":"AI"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/conl.12389","article-title":"Assessing Africa-wide pangolin exploitation by scaling local data","volume":"11","author":"Ingram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Conserv. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.3390\/su14041979","article-title":"A review and categorization of artificial intelligence-based opportunities in wildlife, ocean and land conservation","volume":"14","author":"Isabelle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0135","article-title":"Identifying animals in camera trap images via neural architecture search","volume":"2022","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Intell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0140","series-title":"Pangolins Trade, Ethnic Importance and Its Conservation in Eastern Nepal","author":"Katuwal","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0145","series-title":"3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015 - Conference Track Proceedings","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adam: a method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2015"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13608","article-title":"Automated retrieval of information on threatened species from online sources using machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0155","series-title":"Towards Automatic Detection of Wildlife Trade Using Machine Vision Models","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7553","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"Lecun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0170","series-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia, 30 June - 2 July 2008, Singapore Zoo (Issue July)","article-title":"Ecological research and conservation of Sunda Pangolin Manis Javanica in Singapore","author":"Lim","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008421","article-title":"Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155362","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3019327","article-title":"Classification of breast cancer histopathological images using discriminative patches screened by generative adversarial networks","volume":"8","author":"Man","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.25046\/aj050261","article-title":"Object classifications by image super-resolution preprocessing for convolutional neural networks","volume":"5","author":"Na","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. Technol. Eng. Syst. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0190","first-page":"118","article-title":"Pangolin trade in the mong La wildlife market and the role of Myanmar in the smuggling of pangolins into China","volume":"5","author":"Nijman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.05.012","article-title":"Automatic handgun detection alarm in videos using deep learning","volume":"275","author":"Olmos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3897\/natureconservation.45.57962","article-title":"Dissecting the illegal pangolin trade in China: an insight from seizures data reports","volume":"46","author":"Omifolaji","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Conserv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40317-021-00247-x","article-title":"Counting sea lions and elephants from aerial photography using deep learning with density maps","volume":"9","author":"Padubidri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biotelemetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2020.08.026","article-title":"Wild animal survey using UAS imagery and deep learning: modified faster R-CNN for kiang detection in Tibetan Plateau","volume":"169","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0215","series-title":"Choice Reviews Online","article-title":"The illegal wildlife trade","volume":"50","author":"Pires","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0220","article-title":"Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","volume":"28","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Proces. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0225","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"658","article-title":"Generalized intersection over union: a metric and a loss for bounding box regression","author":"Rezatofighi","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605317000679","article-title":"Bycatch and illegal wildlife trade on the dark web","volume":"51","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oryx"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-010-0317-y","article-title":"Summarizing the evidence on the international trade in illegal wildlife","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"2010","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"6461","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav5327","article-title":"Global wildlife trade across the tree of life","volume":"366","author":"Scheffers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2018.04.011","article-title":"Real-time processing of social media with SENTINEL: a syndromic surveillance system incorporating deep learning for health classification","volume":"56","author":"\u0218erban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Process. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2020.101085","article-title":"\u201cHow many images do I need?\u201d Understanding how sample size per class affects deep learning model performance metrics for balanced designs in autonomous wildlife monitoring","volume":"57","author":"Shahinfar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134787","article-title":"Understanding urban demand for wild meat in Vietnam: implications for conservation actions","volume":"11","author":"Shairp","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feasibility of using convolutional neural networks for individual-identification of wild Asian elephants","author":"de Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mamm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0265","series-title":"3rd International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015 - Conference Track Proceedings","first-page":"1","article-title":"Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition","author":"Simonyan","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japb.2020.03.012","article-title":"Wildlife trade shifts from brick-and-mortar markets to virtual marketplaces: a case study of birds of prey trade in Thailand","volume":"13","author":"Siriwat","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Asia-Pac. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0275","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"1","article-title":"Going deeper with convolutions","author":"Szegedy","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0280","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"2818","article-title":"Rethinking the inception architecture for computer vision","author":"Szegedy","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0285","series-title":"Thirty-first AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","article-title":"Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning","author":"Szegedy","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0290","series-title":"36th International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2019, 2019-June","first-page":"10691","article-title":"EfficientNet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks","author":"Tan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2018.08.003","article-title":"Classification assessment methods","volume":"17","author":"Tharwat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Informatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0300","series-title":"The Harvest of Wildlife for Bushmeat and Traditional Medicine in East, South and Southeast Asia","author":"Tien Ming","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-27980-y","article-title":"Perspectives in machine learning for wildlife conservation","volume":"13","author":"Tuia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2017.07.004","article-title":"Towards automatic wild animal monitoring: identification of animal species in camera-trap images using very deep convolutional neural networks","volume":"41","author":"Villa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-020-00366-4","article-title":"Baby pangolins on my plate: possible lessons to learn from the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Volpato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0320","series-title":"Wildlife trafficking: a deconstruction of the crime, victims and offenders","author":"Wyatt","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2021.109420","article-title":"Wildlife trafficking via social media in Brazil","volume":"265","author":"Wyatt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0330","series-title":"Wildlife Cyber Crime in China: E-commerce and Social Media Monitoring in 2016","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0335","series-title":"Traffic Briefing Paper","article-title":"An overview of pangolin trade in China","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fdata.2019.00028","article-title":"Use of machine learning to detect wildlife product promotion and sales on twitter","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Big Data"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892920000235","article-title":"The illegal wildlife digital market: an analysis of Chinese wildlife marketing and sale on Facebook","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0350","series-title":"TRAFFIC Briefing, 1009649 (February 2015)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Moving targets: tracking online sales of illegal wildlife products in China","author":"Yu","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905_bb0355","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"8697","article-title":"Learning transferable architectures for scalable image recognition","author":"Zoph","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Biological Conservation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006320723000058?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0006320723000058?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T15:45:05Z","timestamp":1762098305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0006320723000058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0006320723000058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905","relation":{},"ISSN":["0006-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0006-3207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Detecting wildlife trafficking in images from online platforms: A test case using deep learning with pangolin images","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Biological Conservation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocon.2023.109905","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109905"}}