{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:19:15Z","timestamp":1793992755121,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T07:39:47Z","timestamp":1706168387000},"page":"100209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Do teachers spot AI? Evaluating the detectability of AI-generated texts among student essays"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4488-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5714-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorben","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0115-5314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5652-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"K\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1767-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib2","article-title":"Chatting and Cheating. Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT","author":"Cotton","year":"2023","journal-title":"EdArXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib3","series-title":"TOEFL iBT\u00ae independent writing rubric","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib5","article-title":"Comparing scientific abstracts generated by ChatGPT to original abstracts using an artificial intelligence output detector, plagiarism detector, and blinded human reviewers","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1177\/1464884916641269","article-title":"Readers' perception of computer-generated news: Credibility, expertise, and readability","volume":"19","author":"Graefe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journalism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib7","series-title":"Proceedings of the first workshop on intelligent and interactive writing Assistants","first-page":"60","article-title":"The pure poet: How good is the subjective credibility and stylistic quality of literary short texts written with an artificial intelligence tool as compared to texts written by human authors?","author":"Gunser","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2023.101847","article-title":"Individualizing goal-setting interventions using automated writing evaluation to support secondary school students' text revisions","volume":"89","author":"Jansen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2020.103216","article-title":"Judgment accuracy in experienced versus student teachers: Assessing essays in English as a foreign language","volume":"97","author":"Jansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib10","series-title":"Presentation at the biannual meeting of the Fachgruppe educational Psychology, Kiel, Germany","article-title":"Can AI classifiers identify texts as AI-generated or student texts?","author":"Junge","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib11","article-title":"ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education","author":"Kasneci","year":"2023","journal-title":"EdArXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jslw.2019.100700","article-title":"English writing skills of students in upper secondary education. Results from an empirical study in Switzerland and Germany","volume":"48","author":"Keller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Second Language Writing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106553","article-title":"Artificial intelligence versus Maya Angelou: Experimental evidence that people cannot differentiate AI-generated from human-written poetry","volume":"114","author":"K\u00f6bis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib14","article-title":"Using LLMs to bring evidence-based feedback into the classroom: AI generated feedback increases secondary students\u2019 text revision, motivation, and positive emotions","author":"Meyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tate.2022.103879","article-title":"Judgment accuracy of German student texts: Do teacher experience and content knowledge matter?","volume":"119","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Teaching and Teacher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib16","series-title":"TOEFL research Report TOEFL-RR-86 and ETS research Report; No. RR-19-12","article-title":"Automated essay scoring at scale: A case study in Switzerland and Germany","author":"Rupp","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2022.101620","article-title":"Adaptive feedback from artificial neural networks facilitates pre-service teachers\u2019 diagnostic reasoning in simulation-based learning","author":"Sailer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib18","first-page":"131","article-title":"Empathic AI painter: A computational creativity system with embodied conversational interaction","volume":"Vol. 123","author":"Yal\u00e7\u0131n","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib19","series-title":"Evaluating human-computer Co-creative processes in music: A case study on the","author":"Zacharakis","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209_bib20","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Japan","first-page":"2310","article-title":"ESCRITO - An NLP-Enhanced Educational Scoring Toolkit","author":"Zesch","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666920X24000109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666920X24000109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T10:00:56Z","timestamp":1736503256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666920X24000109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["S2666920X24000109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-920X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-920X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Do teachers spot AI? Evaluating the detectability of AI-generated texts among student essays","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.caeai.2024.100209","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100209"}}