{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:16:01Z","timestamp":1777518961018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN845D 2020\/38"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN845D 2020\/38"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Xunta de Galicia Conseller\u00eda de Cultura Educacion e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481A 2021\/196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481A 2021\/196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Xunta de Galicia Conseller\u00eda de Cultura Educacion e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED481B-2022-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED481B-2022-025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Xunta de Galicia Conseller\u00eda de Cultura Educacion e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2020\/24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2020\/24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Xunta de Galicia Conseller\u00eda de Cultura Educacion e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431G 2019\/01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DTS18\/00136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTS18\/00136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Espa\u00f1a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-095894-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-095894-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Espa\u00f1a Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-108435RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-108435RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014597","name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010769","name":"Axencia Galega de Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T11:10:15Z","timestamp":1671707415000},"page":"106451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Context encoder transfer learning approaches for retinal image analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5239-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel I.","family":"Mor\u00eds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9080-9836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro S.","family":"Hervella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4407-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Rouco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Novo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9827","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60282-7","article-title":"Age-related macular degeneration","volume":"379","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/62.7.691","article-title":"Glaucoma and its treatment: a review","volume":"62","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharma."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-010-9454-7","article-title":"Algorithms for the automated detection of diabetic retinopathy using digital fundus images: A review","volume":"36","author":"Faust","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001472","article-title":"Hypertension and the eye: changing perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Hum. Hypertens."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2007.02.002","article-title":"Computer-aided diagnosis in medical imaging: historical review, current status and future potential","volume":"31","author":"Doi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput. Med. Imaging Graph."},{"issue":"7553","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b7","article-title":"A systematic review on data scarcity problem in deep learning: Solution and applications","author":"Bansal","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0197-0","article-title":"A survey on image data augmentation for deep learning","volume":"6","author":"Shorten","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Big Data"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2765202","article-title":"Generative adversarial networks: An overview","volume":"35","author":"Creswell","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b10","series-title":"ICASSP 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Cycle generative adversarial network approaches to produce novel portable chest X-Rays images for Covid-19 diagnosis","author":"Mor\u00eds","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115681","article-title":"Data augmentation approaches using cycle-consistent adversarial networks for improving COVID-19 screening in portable chest X-ray images","volume":"185","author":"Mor\u00eds","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b12","series-title":"Transfer Learning","author":"Yang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b13","series-title":"Interpretable and Annotation-Efficient Learning for Medical Image Computing","first-page":"146","article-title":"Transfer learning with joint optimization for label-efficient medical image anomaly detection","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2018.04.005","article-title":"Retinal blood vessel segmentation using fully convolutional network with transfer learning","volume":"68","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Med. Imaging Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b15","series-title":"International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI\u20192019)","first-page":"797","article-title":"Attention guided network for retinal image segmentation","author":"Zhang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwx105","article-title":"An overview of multi-task learning","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b17","series-title":"Using self-supervised learning can improve model robustness and uncertainty","author":"Hendrycks","year":"2019"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2992393","article-title":"Self-supervised visual feature learning with deep neural networks: A survey","volume":"43","author":"Jing","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b19","series-title":"Social processes: Self-supervised forecasting of nonverbal cues in social conversations","author":"Raman","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/cgf.13659","article-title":"Example-based colourization via dense encoding pyramids","volume":"39","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b21","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"2536","article-title":"Context encoders: Feature learning by inpainting","author":"Pathak","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b22","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"1486","article-title":"Learning pyramid-context encoder network for high-quality image inpainting","author":"Zeng","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b23","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing","first-page":"3005","article-title":"ipA-MedGAN: Inpainting of arbitrary regions in medical imaging","author":"Armanious","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b24","series-title":"Weakly supervised context encoder using DICOM metadata in ultrasound imaging","author":"Hu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2020.106210","article-title":"Learning the retinal anatomy from scarce annotated data using self-supervised multimodal reconstruction","volume":"91","author":"Hervella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b26","series-title":"2021 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks","first-page":"1","article-title":"Context encoder self-supervised approaches for eye fundus analysis","author":"Mor\u00eds","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b27","series-title":"Loss functions for neural networks for image processing","author":"Zhao","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b28","series-title":"MICCAI","article-title":"Retinal image understanding emerges from self-supervised multimodal reconstruction","author":"Hervella","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b29","series-title":"U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113674","article-title":"Self-supervised multimodal reconstruction of retinal images over paired datasets","volume":"161","author":"Hervella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b31","series-title":"Multimodal transfer learning-based approaches for retinal vascular segmentation","author":"Morano","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b32","series-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"Kingma","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b33","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Delving deep into rectifiers: Surpassing human-level performance on imagenet classification","author":"He","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b34","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy grading by digital curvelet transform","volume":"2012","author":"Alipour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2004.825627","article-title":"Ridge-based vessel segmentation in color images of the retina","volume":"23","author":"Staal","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451_b36","series-title":"Indian diabetic retinopathy image dataset (idrid)","author":"Porwal","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482522011593?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482522011593?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:06:53Z","timestamp":1777392413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010482522011593"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0010482522011593"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4825","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Context encoder transfer learning approaches for retinal image analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106451","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106451"}}