{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T08:10:48Z","timestamp":1775549448747,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Composites Part B: Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T16:55:49Z","timestamp":1775494549000},"page":"113675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A physics-informed framework for modeling as-manufactured variability and permeability in Automated Dry Fiber Placement using in-line laser profilometry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"320","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1737-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6486-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Ramos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomc.2021.100182","article-title":"Automated fiber placement: A review of history, current technologies, and future paths forward","volume":"6","author":"Brasington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compos Part C: Open Access","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2666-6820","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.4271\/2020-01-0030","article-title":"AFP processing of dry fiber carbon materials (DFP) for improved rates and reliability","volume":"2","author":"Assadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"SAE Int J Adv Curr Pr Mobil","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2641-9645","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2017.09.011","article-title":"Transverse permeability of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement","volume":"152","author":"Aziz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos Sci Technol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0266-3538","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1177\/0021998317741951","article-title":"Uncertainty in geometry of fibre preforms manufactured with automated dry fibre placement and its effects on permeability","volume":"52","author":"Matveev","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Compos Mater","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9983","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b5","series-title":"Automated fiber placement defect identity cards: cause, anticipation, existence, significance, and progression","author":"Harik","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2024.111891","article-title":"Predicting gaps and overlaps in automated fiber placement composites by measuring sources of manufacturing process variations","volume":"291","author":"Pantoji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Compos Part B: Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.14733\/cadaps.2019.172-203","article-title":"Automated fiber placement path planning: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"16","author":"Rousseau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput-Aided Des Appl","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1686-4360","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs3020056","article-title":"Manufacturing-induced imperfections in composite parts manufactured via automated fiber placement","volume":"3","author":"Heinecke","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Compos Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b9","unstructured":"Tijs B, Lopes C, Turon A, Bisagni C, Waleson J, van Ingen J, Veldman S. Virtual testing of thermoplastic composites: towards a hybrid simulation-physical testing pyramid. In: ECCM18-18th European conference on composite materials. 2018, p. 24\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2022.110282","article-title":"Features and defects characterisation for virtual verification and certification of composites: A review","volume":"246","author":"Maes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compos Part B: Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b11","first-page":"150","article-title":"Fluid flow through granular beds","volume":"15","author":"Carman","year":"1937","journal-title":"Trans Inst Chem Eng Lond"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1177\/002199839202600802","article-title":"Permeability of unidirectional reinforcements for RTM","volume":"26","author":"Gebart","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Compos Mater"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760311411","article-title":"The permeability and compressibility of aligned and cross-plied carbon fiber beds during processing of composites","volume":"31","author":"Lam","year":"1991","journal-title":"Polym Eng Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1177\/00219983231168791","article-title":"Micro computed tomography based stochastic design and flow analysis of dry fiber preforms manufactured by automated fiber placement","volume":"57","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Compos Mater"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2005.08.003","article-title":"Influence of stochastic variations in the fibre spacing on the permeability of bi-directional textile fabrics","volume":"37","author":"Endruweit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2012.10.026","article-title":"Stochastic multi-scale modelling of textile composites based on internal geometry variability","volume":"122","author":"Vanaerschot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2013.12.010","article-title":"Numerical methods for the discretization of random fields by means of the Karhunen\u2013Lo\u00e8ve expansion","volume":"271","author":"Betz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Engrg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s13137-020-00155-x","article-title":"Characterization of flow through random media via Karhunen\u2013Lo\u00e8ve expansion: an information theory perspective","volume":"11","author":"Dell\u2019Oca","year":"2020","journal-title":"GEM Int J Geomath"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi3020817","article-title":"The sequential generation of Gaussian random fields for applications in the geospatial sciences","volume":"3","author":"Dolloff","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo-Inf","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2220-9964","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b20","series-title":"Multi-scale analysis of void formation and transport in liquid composite moulding","author":"Machado","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs3030073","article-title":"Progress in experimental and theoretical evaluation methods for textile permeability","volume":"3","author":"Karaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Compos Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b22","article-title":"An open-source framework for in-process geometric quality assurance in automated fiber placement: A baseline validation and dataset","author":"Cardoso","year":"2026","journal-title":"Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10040413","article-title":"Experimental study of the effect of internal defects on stress waves during automated fiber placement","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2020.105951","article-title":"A semi-analytical model to characterize single ply and multiple plies UD-fabric permeability","volume":"136","author":"Godbole","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf"},{"issue":"786","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b25","first-page":"691","article-title":"Flow in a pipe of rectangular cross-section","volume":"120","author":"Cornish","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond Ser A Contain Pap A Math Phys Charact"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2010.11.003","article-title":"A model for the in-plane permeability of triaxially braided reinforcements","volume":"42","author":"Endruweit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b27","series-title":"Coupled Stokes-Darcy model with Beavers-Joseph interface boundary condition","author":"Cao","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s40300-023-00238-3","article-title":"Multivariate Gaussian processes: definitions, examples and applications","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b29","series-title":"Geostatistics oslo 2012","first-page":"67","article-title":"Revisiting the linear model of coregionalization","author":"Marcotte","year":"2012"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065704001899","article-title":"Gaussian processes for machine learning","volume":"14","author":"Seeger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Neural Syst"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2005.04.003","article-title":"The Mat\u00e9rn function as a general model for soil variograms","volume":"128","author":"Minasny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geoderma"}],"container-title":["Composites Part B: Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359836826002969?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1359836826002969?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:28:47Z","timestamp":1775546927000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1359836826002969"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1359836826002969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-8368"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-8368","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A physics-informed framework for modeling as-manufactured variability and permeability in Automated Dry Fiber Placement using in-line laser profilometry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Composites Part B: Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compositesb.2026.113675","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113675"}}