{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:43:27Z","timestamp":1762523007954,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:31:42Z","timestamp":1752568302000},"page":"177926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Defining core concepts in pharmacokinetics for undergraduate medical education through a multidisciplinary approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1003","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7729-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Teixeira-Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6831-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Ferreira","family":"de Melo Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-9329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2635-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L.","family":"Szarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0570-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Em\u00edlia C.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8456-9995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270009343697","article-title":"Teaching pharmacology in an innovative medical curriculum: challenges of integration, technology, and future training","volume":"50","author":"Achike","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-015-0522-z","article-title":"The understanding of core pharmacological concepts among health care students in their final semester","volume":"15","author":"Aronsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2014.970998","article-title":"The integrated curriculum in medical education: AMEE guide no. 96","volume":"37","author":"Brauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics","author":"Brunton","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib4"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1535-9","article-title":"Medical education today: all that glitters is not gold","volume":"19","author":"Buja","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03172.x","article-title":"Resolving the 50-year debate around using and misusing likert scales","volume":"42","author":"Carifio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib7","first-page":"218","article-title":"The role of mathematical modeling in medical research: \"research without patients?\"","volume":"2","author":"Chambers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-008-9101-y","article-title":"Long-term retention of basic science knowledge: a review study","volume":"15","author":"Custers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Health Sci. Educ. : theory and practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s44253-024-00044-3","article-title":"Assessment of self-perceived knowledge of key clinical pharmacology concepts and educational needs among european paediatric intensive care units: an ESPNIC survey","volume":"2","author":"Daverio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine \u2013 Paediatric and Neonatal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2021.1982890","article-title":"Medical students' knowledge and awareness levels about biologics and biosimilars: the earlier the better?","volume":"22","author":"Demir-Dora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expet Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.06.032","article-title":"Pharmacology education: reflections and challenges","volume":"833","author":"Engels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.1178","article-title":"Pharmacology education in the medical curriculum: challenges and opportunities for improvement","volume":"12","author":"Fasinu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2438-1","article-title":"Clinically relevant pharmacokinetic knowledge on antibiotic dosing among intensive care professionals is insufficient: a cross-sectional study","volume":"23","author":"Fleuren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developing an international concept-based curriculum for pharmacology education: the promise of core concepts and concept inventories","author":"Guilding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"year":"2017","series-title":"Principles of Pharmacology \u2013 the Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy","author":"Golan","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib16"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16222","article-title":"Defining and unpacking the core concepts of pharmacology: a global initiative","volume":"181","author":"Guilding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"year":"2014","series-title":"Terap\u00eautica Medicamentosa E Suas Bases Farmacol\u00f3gicas","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib18"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590903168119","article-title":"Teaching of medical pharmacology: the need to nurture the early development of desired attitudes for safe and rational drug prescribing","volume":"31","author":"Gwee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1088","article-title":"Core entrustable professional activities in clinical pharmacology: pearls for clinical practice","volume":"58","author":"Hermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"year":"2021","series-title":"Basic & Clinical Pharmacology","author":"Katzung","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12396","article-title":"A comparison of medical and pharmacy students' knowledge and skills of pharmacology and pharmacotherapy","volume":"78","author":"Keijsers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03234-9","article-title":"Chinese ICU physicians' knowledge of antibiotic pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics (PK\/PD): a cross-sectional survey","volume":"22","author":"Mao","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.772","article-title":"Pharmacology research & perspectives calls for pharmacology education papers","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/01421590903049814","article-title":"Teaching basic science to optimize transfer","volume":"31","author":"Norman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Teach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-021-01442-4","article-title":"Assessing knowledge of pharmacokinetics in an integrated medical curriculum","volume":"31","author":"Pandit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.762","article-title":"Design of a foundational sciences curriculum: applying the ICAP framework to pharmacology education in integrated medical curricula","volume":"9","author":"Quesnelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.773","article-title":"The importance of collaboratively designing pharmacology education programs","volume":"9","author":"Quesnelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"year":"2019","series-title":"Rang & Dale's Pharmacology","author":"Rang","key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib29"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04186.x","article-title":"Prescribing and the core curriculum for tomorrow's doctors: BPS curriculum in clinical pharmacology and prescribing for medical students","volume":"74","author":"Ross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib31","series-title":"Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in Health","first-page":"607","article-title":"Integrated, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary medical education","author":"Samieefar","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/23752696.2018.1433546","article-title":"Using concept inventories to measure understanding","volume":"3","author":"Sands","year":"2018","journal-title":"Higher Education Pedagogies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.894","article-title":"Defining and unpacking the core concepts of pharmacology education","volume":"9","author":"Santiago","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-017-0398-0","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of communicable diseases: expanding public health in medical education","volume":"27","author":"Savage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-014-0145-2","article-title":"A systematic review of physicians' and pharmacists' perspectives on generic drug use: what are the global challenges?","volume":"13","author":"Toverud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Health Econ. Health Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.832","article-title":"Developing a new undergraduate pharmacology core curriculum: the British pharmacological society Delphi method","volume":"9","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-012-1461-9","article-title":"The specialty clinical pharmacology needs to be examined separately to guarantee a sufficient level of knowledge in medical students","volume":"69","author":"Wallerstedt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s40670-017-0431-3","article-title":"Unprepared retesting of first year knowledge: how much Do second year medical students remember?","volume":"27","author":"Weggemans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.836","article-title":"Identifying the core concepts of pharmacology education","volume":"9","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16000","article-title":"Identifying the core concepts of pharmacology education: a global initiative","volume":"180","author":"White","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.539","article-title":"A dangerous lack of pharmacology education in medical and nursing schools: a policy statement from the American college of clinical pharmacology","volume":"55","author":"Wiernik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173074","article-title":"Lower scores in pharmacokinetics than in pharmacodynamics assessment among students in a health and life sciences curriculum","volume":"876","author":"Wilhelmus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925006806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0014299925006806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:28:15Z","timestamp":1754008095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0014299925006806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0014299925006806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-2999"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0014-2999"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Defining core concepts in pharmacokinetics for undergraduate medical education through a multidisciplinary approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Pharmacology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177926","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"177926"}}