{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T14:14:50Z","timestamp":1775225690477,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021130","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03EN1069B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03EN1069B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50021\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50021\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Energy and Buildings"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1750333303000},"page":"116047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Design, manufacturing, and performance of innovative aluminium-backed BIPV facade modules: a case-study in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"344","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Jahreis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Jaeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-6796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Koepge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Fr\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2977-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Pander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-8880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0005","series-title":"Electricity from the house wall \u2013 the great potential of building facades to capture solar energy","author":"Behnisch","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0010","first-page":"833","article-title":"A key review of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems","volume":"20","author":"Biyik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2022.111998","article-title":"Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) products and systems: a review of energy-related behavior","volume":"262","author":"Mart\u00edn-Chivelet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energ. Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0020","unstructured":"EN 50583-1:2016: Photovoltaics in buildings \u2013 Part 1: BIPV modules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0025","unstructured":"EN 50583-2:2016: Photovoltaics in buildings \u2013 Part 2: BIPV systems."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0030","unstructured":"EN IEC 61730-1:2018: Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification \u2013 Part 1: Requirements for construction."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0035","unstructured":"EN IEC 61730-2:2018: Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification \u2013 Part 2: Requirements for testing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0040","unstructured":"EN 14449:2005: Glass in building \u2013 Laminated glass and laminated safety glass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0045","unstructured":"DIN 18199:2017-07: Solaranlagen auf D\u00e4chern und an Fassaden \u2013 Planung, Ausf\u00fchrung, Instandhaltung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0050","unstructured":"EN 1991-1-2 - Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-2: General actions - Actions on structures exposed to fire."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0055","unstructured":"EN 1991-1-4 Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind actions."},{"issue":"5)","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0060","article-title":"Review of technological design options for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)","volume":"231","author":"Kuhn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energ. Build."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0065","unstructured":"IEC 61730-1:2023. Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification: Part 1: Requirements for construction."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0070","unstructured":"IEC 61215-2:2021. Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval: Part 2: Test procedure."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0075","unstructured":"IEC 61853-1:2011: Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating \u2013 Part 1: Irradiance and temperature performance measurements and power rating."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0080","unstructured":"EN 50583:2016: Photovoltaics in buildings \u2013 Parts 1 and 2: BIPV modules and BIPV systems."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0085","unstructured":"IEC 63092-1:2020. Photovoltaics in buildings: Part 1: Requirements for building-integrated photovoltaic modules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2015.12.043","article-title":"Double skin facades (DSF) and building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): a review of configurations and heat transfer characteristics","volume":"89","author":"Agathokleous","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0095","unstructured":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz (BMWK). Solarcon \u2013 Solare Energieerzeugung auf Betonfertigteilen zur Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen in der Betonindustrie (F\u00f6rderkennzeichen: 03EN1040A); 2022. [Access date: 2025 April 04] Available from: https:\/\/www.enargus.de\/detail\/?id=1226023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0100","unstructured":"Schindler S. Maximum solar power from the house fa\u00e7ade Scientists present a particularly efficient design solar fa\u00e7ade: Fraunhofer CSP; 2017 [Access date: 2024 October 11] Available from: https:\/\/www.csp.fraunhofer.de\/en\/press\/press-releases\/solarshell-photovoltaics-house- facade.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0105","unstructured":"Schenk P, Schindler S, Zeller U, Ebert M, Pander M. Analyse des thermomechanischen Verhaltens von Betonfassadenelementen mit integrierten Photovoltaik-Modulen [Access date: 2024 September 20] Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/377177399_Analyse_des_thermomechanischen_Verhaltens_von_Betonfassa-_denelementen_mit_integrierten_Photovoltaik-Modulen."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.2773","article-title":"Effect of thermal insulation of the back side of PV modules in the module temperature","volume":"24","author":"K\u00f6hl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Photovolt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0115","unstructured":"Sample T, Virtuani A. Modification to the Standard Reference Environment (SRE) for Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) to Account for Building Integration. 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 2009 [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4229\/24thEUPVSEC2009-4AV.3.13]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0120","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards a quantification of thermal and thermomechanical stress for modules in building-integrated photovoltaics configurations","volume":"3762","author":"Quest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Photovolt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0125","unstructured":"Jaeckel B, Pander M, Hanifi H, Schenk P, Ebert M. Hotspottest und reale Teilverschattung von modernen High-Density HD-Modulen: eine Wahrscheinlichkeits-und Risikobetrachtung; 2021 [Access date: 2024 October 24] Available from: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/355205206_Hotspottest_und_reale_Teilverschattung_von_modernen_High-Density_HD-Modulen_eine_Wahrscheinlichkeits-und_Risikobetrachtung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0130","series-title":"42nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Bilbao, Spain","article-title":"Indoor characterization and analysis of reverse breakdown behaviour of solar cells with different cell architectures;","author":"Jaeckel","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2020.3021348","article-title":"Three bypass diodes architecture at the limit","volume":"10","author":"Witteck","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Photovoltaics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0140","article-title":"The effect of partial shading on the reliability of photovoltaic modules in the built-environment","volume":"15","author":"\u00d6zkalay","year":"2024","journal-title":"EPJ Photovol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2021.07.061","article-title":"Simulation study of the electrical yield of various PV module topologies in partially shaded urban scenarios","volume":"225","author":"Calcabrini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sol. Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2021.3088005","article-title":"Illumination dependence of reverse leakage current in silicon solar cells","volume":"11","author":"Clement","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Photovoltaics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0155","series-title":"31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Hamburg, Germany","article-title":"Reduced Shading effect on half-cell modules - measurement and simulation","author":"Hanifi","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0160","series-title":"36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition: 1504\u20138","article-title":"Evaluation of shading tolerance of PV modules with different module designs for mobile application by simulation, indoor and outdoor measurements","author":"G\u00f6tz","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOTOV.2022.3144635","article-title":"A comprehensive study of module layouts for silicon solar cells under partial shading","volume":"12","author":"Klasen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Photovoltaics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0170","unstructured":"Str\u00e4ter H, Riechelmann S, Winter S. Development of a shading resistance metric for solar modules [Access date: 2024 June 18] Available from: https:\/\/wiki.pvmet.org\/index.php?title=Development_of_a_shading_resistance_metric_for_solar_modules."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0175","unstructured":"Borja Block A. Advanced Manufacturing and Characterization of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Modules: EPFL; 2024 [Access date: 2024 August 30] Available from: https:\/\/infoscience.epfl.ch\/record\/306957?v=pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0180","unstructured":"Obando S. Construction input prices jump again, continue 2024\u2019s upward climb [Access date: 2024 October 11] Available from: https:\/\/www.constructiondive.com\/news\/construction-input- prices-april-2024\/716119\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0185","unstructured":"ITRPV steering committee. International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaics; 2024 [Access date: 2024 July 25] Available from: https:\/\/www.vdma.org\/international-technology-roadmap-photovoltaic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0190","unstructured":"MN Metall: Metal & new ideas; 2024 [Access date: 2024 October 15] Available from: https:\/\/www.mn-metall.de\/downloads\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0195","unstructured":"PVSyst. PVSyst 7 Help [Access date: 2024 October 16] Available from: https:\/\/www.pvsyst.com\/help\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0200","unstructured":"IEC 60904-1:2020. Photovoltaic devices: Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047_b0205","unstructured":"Str\u00e4ter H, Riechelmann S, Winter S. An Approach for a Shading Resistance Classification of PV Modules. 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 2019 [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4229\/WCPEC-82022-3BO.12.5]."}],"container-title":["Energy and Buildings"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378778825007777?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378778825007777?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T01:50:59Z","timestamp":1762307459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378778825007777"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0378778825007777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-7788"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-7788","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Design, manufacturing, and performance of innovative aluminium-backed BIPV facade modules: a case-study in Germany","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Energy and Buildings","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbuild.2025.116047","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116047"}}