{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:42:57Z","timestamp":1776476577442,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004052","name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Energy Conversion and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T05:09:12Z","timestamp":1773464952000},"page":"121308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of climate change on renewable energy systems in buildings of subtropical desert areas: A stochastic optimization approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"356","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9364-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farah","family":"Souayfane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-6089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raju","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayssam","family":"Dahrouj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Hoteit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0973-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Knio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b1","series-title":"AR6 synthesis report: Climate change 2023","author":"IPCC","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b2","series-title":"The global risks report 2016","author":"World Economic Forum","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.12.127","article-title":"Electrical hubs: An effective way to integrate non-dispatchable renewable energy sources with minimum impact to the grid","volume":"190","author":"Perera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b4","series-title":"World energy outlook","author":"IEA","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b5","series-title":"IEA tracking report - buildings","author":"IEA","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b6","series-title":"Country analysis brief: Saudi Arabia","author":"The US Energy Information Administration (EIA)","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b7","series-title":"Saudi Arabia: CO2 country profile","author":"Our world in data","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-014-9579-9","article-title":"Renewable energy in Saudi Arabia: current status and future potentials","volume":"17","author":"Tlili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Dev Sustain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/15567249.2016.1248874","article-title":"The cost analysis of electric power generation in Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"Demirbas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Sources Part B: Econ Plan Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxener.2024.100161","article-title":"Sustainable green energy transition in Saudi Arabia: Characterizing policy framework, interrelations and future research directions","volume":"5","author":"Islam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Next Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.12.327","article-title":"Prospects of energy conservation and management in buildings\u2013the Saudi Arabian scenario versus global trends","volume":"58","author":"Mujeebu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119602","article-title":"Renewable and sustainable energy production in Saudi Arabia according to Saudi vision 2030; current status and future prospects","volume":"247","author":"Amran","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-85616-9","article-title":"Wind energy assessment and hybrid micro-grid optimization for selected regions of Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Mas\u2019ud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-025-02276-3","article-title":"Worldwide rooftop photovoltaic electricity generation may mitigate global warming","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2018.01.058","article-title":"Optimal sizing of PV\/wind\/diesel hybrid microgrid system using multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm","volume":"121","author":"Ramli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.3390\/su12083341","article-title":"Design and sensitivity analysis of hybrid photovoltaic-fuel-cell-battery system to supply a small community at Saudi NEOM city","volume":"12","author":"Rezk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2013.11.055","article-title":"Review of economic assessment of hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for residential loads for different provinces of Saudi Arabia","volume":"31","author":"Shaahid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2010.08.025","article-title":"Study of a solar PV\u2013diesel\u2013battery hybrid power system for a remotely located population near Rafha, Saudi Arabia","volume":"35","author":"Rehman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5005597","article-title":"Energy production potential and economic viability of grid-connected wind\/PV systems at Saudi Arabian coastal areas","volume":"9","author":"Ramli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Renew Sustain Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b20","series-title":"Feasibility of renewable energy based distributed generations in Yanbu Saudi Arabia, vol. 523","author":"Alaidroos","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043633","article-title":"Optimal hybrid power energy systems for residential communities in Saudi Arabia","volume":"141","author":"Dehwah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sol Energy Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esr.2022.101013","article-title":"Energy efficiency in sustainable buildings: A systematic review with taxonomy, challenges, motivations, methodological aspects, recommendations, and pathways for future research","volume":"45","author":"Hafez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Strat Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-021-00836-x","article-title":"Coloured low-emissivity films for building envelopes for year-round energy savings","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0253-6","article-title":"Scenarios of energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential in the buildings sector in China to year 2050","volume":"3","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.214","article-title":"Present and future K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution","volume":"5","author":"Beck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.115213","article-title":"A review of future weather data for assessing climate change impacts on buildings and energy systems","volume":"212","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.01.085","article-title":"Impacts of future weather data typology on building energy performance - investigating long-term patterns of climate change and extreme weather conditions","volume":"238","author":"Moazami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-12-551-2008","article-title":"Utility of daily vs. monthly large-scale climate data: an intercomparison of two statistical downscaling methods","volume":"12","author":"Maurer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hydrol Earth Syst Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b29","series-title":"Generation of typical meteorological years for 26 SOLMET stations","author":"Hall","year":"1978"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9020053","article-title":"Assembling typical meteorological year data sets for building energy performance using reanalysis and satellite-based data","volume":"9","author":"Huld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crawley DB, Lawrie LK, et al. Rethinking the TMY: is the \u2018typical\u2019meteorological year best for building performance simulation. In: Conference: building simulation. 2015, p. 2655\u201362.","DOI":"10.26868\/25222708.2015.2707"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2023.128020","article-title":"A new method of generating extreme building energy year and its application","volume":"278","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/0143624417705937","article-title":"A review of current and future weather data for building simulation","volume":"38","author":"Herrera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build Serv Eng Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.02.012","article-title":"Clustering methods to find representative periods for the optimization of energy systems: An initial framework and comparison","volume":"239","author":"Teichgraeber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b35","article-title":"On the behavior of renewable energy systems in buildings of three Saudi cities: Winter variabilities and extremes are critical","volume":"70","author":"Souayfane","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Build Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.115223","article-title":"Extreme events in time series aggregation: A case study for optimal residential energy supply systems","volume":"275","author":"Teichgraeber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-024-01777-x","article-title":"Addressing extreme weather events for the renewable power-water-heating sectors in Neom, Saudi Arabia","volume":"5","author":"Riera","year":"2024","journal-title":"Commun Earth Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54853-3","article-title":"Designing a sector-coupled European energy system robust to 60 years of historical weather data","volume":"15","author":"Gotske","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1191\/0143624405bt112oa","article-title":"Constructing design weather data for future climates","volume":"26","author":"Belcher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Build Serv Eng Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.05.107","article-title":"Making energy simulation easier for future climate\u2013synthesizing typical and extreme weather data sets out of regional climate models (RCMs)","volume":"177","author":"Nik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-0558-0","article-title":"Quantifying the impacts of climate change and extreme climate events on energy systems","volume":"5","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.117246","article-title":"Climate change and energy performance of European residential building stocks\u2013a comprehensive impact assessment using climate big data from the coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment","volume":"298","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112363","article-title":"Future climate scenarios and their impact on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system design and performance for commercial buildings for 2050","volume":"162","author":"Bell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01495a","article-title":"Climate change impacts on future photovoltaic and concentrated solar power energy output","volume":"4","author":"Crook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Environ Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-020-00643-w","article-title":"Climate change extremes and photovoltaic power output","volume":"4","author":"Feron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Sustain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aabff7","article-title":"Should future wind speed changes be taken into account in wind farm development?","volume":"13","author":"Devis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-013-0889-y","article-title":"Assessing the vulnerability of wind energy to climate change and extreme events","volume":"121","author":"Pryor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clim Change"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8167","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019388108","article-title":"Assessing climate change impacts on the near-term stability of the wind energy resource over the United States","volume":"108","author":"Pryor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/asl.791","article-title":"The underestimated magnitude and decline trend in near-surface wind over China","volume":"18","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos Sci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-0558-0","article-title":"Quantifying the impacts of climate change and extreme climate events on energy systems","volume":"5","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-9-1937-2016","article-title":"Overview of the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization","volume":"9","author":"Eyring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geosci Model Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/s41612-023-00473-5","article-title":"Effects of multi-observations uncertainty and models similarity on climate change projections","volume":"6","author":"Pathak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Npj Clim Atmos Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-16-3309-2012","article-title":"Bias correcting climate model simulated daily temperature extremes with quantile mapping","volume":"16","author":"Thrasher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hydrol Earth Syst Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b54","article-title":"A weather-clustering and energy-thermal comfort optimization methodology for indoor cooling in subtropical desert climates","volume":"51","author":"Souayfane","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Build Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.004","article-title":"The roads ahead: Narratives for shared socioeconomic pathways describing world futures in the 21st century","volume":"42","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glob Environ Chang"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b56","series-title":"Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. contribution of working groups I, II and III to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change","first-page":"35","author":"IPCC","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b57","series-title":"Shaping the next one hundred years: New methods for quantitative, long-term policy analysis","author":"Lempert","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b58","series-title":"Decision making under deep uncertainty: from theory to practice","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S0263-7863(96)00089-0","article-title":"Life cycle costing\u2014Theory, information acquisition and application","volume":"15","author":"Woodward","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Proj Manage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-020-01964-6","article-title":"TACMA: total annual cost minimization algorithm for optimal sizing of hybrid energy systems","volume":"11","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b61","series-title":"Features of sealed lead acid batteries","author":"PSpowersonic","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2020.111324","article-title":"Estimating carbon dioxide emissions from electricity generation in the United States: How sectoral allocation may shift as the grid modernizes","volume":"140","author":"Eberle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2025.125992","article-title":"Accounting carbon emissions from electricity generation: a review and comparison of emission factor-based methods","volume":"392","author":"Bertolini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b64","series-title":"GenOpt (R), generic optimization program, user manual, version 2.0. 0","author":"Wetter","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b65","series-title":"GenOpt R, Generic optimization program, user manual, version 3.1.1.","author":"Wetter","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b66","first-page":"1942","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization","author":"Kennedy","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b67","series-title":"ANSI\/ASHRAE\/IESNA standard 90.1-2007 energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings","author":"ASHRAE","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108685","article-title":"Implications of uncertainty in technology cost projections for least-cost decarbonized electricity systems","volume":"27","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b69","series-title":"CMIP6 climate data from earth system grid federation","author":"ESGF","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2024.101444","article-title":"Impacts of meteorological conditions on the plummeting surface-reaching solar radiation over a sub-tropical station \u2013 Pune, India","volume":"80","author":"Jadhav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Sustain Dev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su13042135","article-title":"Monthly, seasonal and yearly assessments of global solar radiation, clearness index and diffuse fractions in alice, South Africa","volume":"13","author":"Apeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2015.06.031","article-title":"Assessment of solar radiation resources in Saudi Arabia","volume":"119","author":"Zell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sol Energy"}],"container-title":["Energy Conversion and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196890426002773?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196890426002773?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T00:53:35Z","timestamp":1776473615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196890426002773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0196890426002773"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-8904"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-8904","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of climate change on renewable energy systems in buildings of subtropical desert areas: A stochastic optimization approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Energy Conversion and Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2026.121308","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"121308"}}