{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:31:41Z","timestamp":1774629101751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007166","name":"Jiangsu Province Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007225","name":"Universidade de Lisboa Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Fracture Mechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T07:00:16Z","timestamp":1719471616000},"page":"110268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A variable-node element model and its application to damage analysis of RAC using the 2D base force element method"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qifan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2023.134430","article-title":"3D mesoscale modelling of recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"411","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enganabound.2012.10.002","article-title":"A meshless local natural neighbour interpolation method for analysis of two-dimensional piezoelectric structures","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Engng Anal Bound Elem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.6002","article-title":"The scaled boundary finite element method for computational homogenization of heterogeneous media","volume":"118","author":"Talebi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3713","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.6986","article-title":"3D simulation of complex fractures with a simple mesh","volume":"123","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(85)90076-3","article-title":"On an h-type mesh-refinement strategy based on minimization of interpolation errors","volume":"53","author":"Demkowicz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Engng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0030","first-page":"117","article-title":"Parallel octree-based finite element method for large-scale earthquake ground motion simulation","volume":"10","author":"Bielak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput Model Engng Sci"},{"issue":"27\u201329","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2004.08.002","article-title":"An improved interface element with variable nodes for non-matching finite element meshes","volume":"194","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Engng"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1988","article-title":"Variable-node elements for non-matching meshes by means of MLS (moving least-square) scheme","volume":"72","author":"Lim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.5448","article-title":"A polytree-based adaptive polygonal finite element method for topology optimization","volume":"110","author":"Nguyen-Xuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.3024","article-title":"Hanging nodes and XFEM","volume":"86","author":"Fries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2009.12.004","article-title":"Variable-node finite elements with smoothed integration techniques and their applications for multiscale mechanics problems","volume":"88","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0060","series-title":"From mesh generation to scientific visualization: An End-to-End approach to parallel supercomputing","first-page":"9353231","author":"Tu","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0065","first-page":"101","article-title":"Construction of the transition elements between the sparse and dense meshes in the finite element computation","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirshikesh, A. L. N. Pramod, E. T. Ooi, et al. An adaptive scaled boundary finite element method for contact analysis. European Journal of Mechanics - A\/Solids. 86(2021)104180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechsol.2020.104180"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2021.104586","article-title":"Development of the scaled boundary finite element method for image-based slope stability analysis","volume":"143","author":"Wijesinghe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-874X(01)00041-5","article-title":"Three-dimensional FEM interface coupled method and its engineering application","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Finite Elem Anal Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3695","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1620382109","article-title":"A coupled analysis method for structures with independently modelled finite element subdomains","volume":"38","author":"Aminpour","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.2514\/3.2546","article-title":"Derivation of element stiffness matrices by assumed stress distributions","volume":"2","author":"Pian","year":"1964","journal-title":"AIAA J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02648957","article-title":"An adaptive mesh refinement scheme for solidification problems","volume":"27","author":"Palle","year":"1996","journal-title":"Metall Mater Trans A"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-7825(97)00101-1","article-title":"Aspects of an adaptive hp-finite element method: adaptive strategy, conforming approximation and efficient solvers","volume":"150","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Engng"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.601","article-title":"Natural hierarchical refinement for finite element methods","volume":"56","author":"Krysl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.717","article-title":"Mechanically based models: Adaptive refinement for B-spline finite element","volume":"57","author":"Kagan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00211-005-0587-4","article-title":"A Lagrange multiplier method for the finite element solution of elliptic interface problems using non-matching meshes","volume":"100","author":"Hansbo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Numer Math"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.finel.2004.08.002","article-title":"Adaptive computations on conforming quadtree meshes","volume":"41","author":"Tabarraei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Finite Elem Anal Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.12989\/sem.2012.43.3.349","article-title":"Variable-node element families for mesh connection and adaptive mesh computation","volume":"43","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Struct Engng Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0130","unstructured":"R. E. Bank, S. H. Andrew H, A. A. Weiser. Some refinement algorithms and data structures for regular local mesh refinement. In Transactions on Scientific Computing, Stepleman et al (eds) IMACS. 1, North-Holland: Amsterdam(1983)."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00419-003-0278-5","article-title":"A new description of the stress state at a point with applications","volume":"73","author":"Gao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10409-009-0234-x","article-title":"Base force element method of complementary energy principle for large rotation problems","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Mechanica Sinica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.119063","article-title":"Modeling interfacial transition zone of RAC based on a degenerate element of BFEM","volume":"252","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.6276","article-title":"Base force element method based on the complementary energy principle for the damage analysis of recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"121","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Numer Meth Engng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126546","article-title":"Mechanical properties and uniaxial compressive stress-strain behavior of fully recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"323","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0160","series-title":"Recycled aggregate concrete structures: Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering","author":"Xiao","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132895","article-title":"Effects of recycled aggregate combinations and recycled powder contents on fracture behavior of fully recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"366","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003864","article-title":"Investigation of adhered mortar content on recycled aggregate using image analysis method","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.01.247","article-title":"Variability of stress-strain relationship for recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression loading","volume":"181","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2015.10.064","article-title":"Establishing a relationship between modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"112","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.034","article-title":"Tensile strength behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"83","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.06.007","article-title":"Experimental study on the failure mechanism of recycled concrete","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0195","article-title":"Specimen size effect on compressive and splitting tensile strengths of sustainable geopolymeric recycled aggregate concrete: Experimental and theoretical analysis","volume":"434","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.212","article-title":"Prediction of the elastic modulus and the splitting tensile strength of concrete incorporating both fine and coarse recycled aggregate","volume":"215","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2012.06.017","article-title":"Failure processes of modeled recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cem Concr Compos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.123503","article-title":"Statistical analysis of defects within concrete under elevated temperatures based on SEM image","volume":"293","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2023.109836","article-title":"Trans-layer and inter-layer fracture behavior of extrusion-based 3D printed concrete under three-point bending","volume":"296","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engng Fract Mech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/str.12168","article-title":"Experimental investigations of fracture process in concrete by means of X-ray micro-computed tomography","volume":"52","author":"Skar\u017cy\u0144ski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.128785","article-title":"Measurement and visualization of crack patterns in basalt fabric reinforced fine-grained concrete with different textile structures using high-speed photography and a cohesive finite element model","volume":"349","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.109876","article-title":"Analysis of the influence of the attached mortar\u2019s geometry on the mechanical behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete through mesoscale modelling","volume":"297","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Engng Fract Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.129219","article-title":"Simulation study on the effect of the initial defect of recycled aggregate concrete based on BFEM","volume":"355","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7498","DOI":"10.3390\/su13137498","article-title":"Discrete element simulation analysis of biaxial mechanical properties of concrete with large-size recycled aggregate","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.121116","article-title":"Mesoscale modeling of recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression and tension using discrete element method","volume":"268","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2020.106979","article-title":"Meso-scale simulations of size effect on concrete dynamic splitting tensile strength: Influence of aggregate content and maximum aggregate size","volume":"230","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engng Fract Mech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.116785","article-title":"Modeling and mechanical influence of meso-scale concrete considering actual aggregate shapes","volume":"228","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.122096","article-title":"Mesomechanical prediction of viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete considering effect of aggregate shape","volume":"274","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0265","first-page":"631","article-title":"Statistical investigation on effects of aggregate distribution on concrete compression strength and the descending part of stress-strain curve","volume":"46","author":"Du","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shuili Xuebao"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000181","article-title":"Numerical simulation of aggregate shapes of three-dimensional concrete and its applications","volume":"26","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Aerosp Engng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2015.11.018","article-title":"Computational technology for analysis of 3D meso-structure effects on damage and failure of concrete","volume":"80","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Solids Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125428","article-title":"Mesoscale models and uniaxial tensile numerical simulations of concrete considering material heterogeneity and spatial correlation","volume":"312","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(02)00860-8","article-title":"High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate","volume":"32","author":"Donza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmat.2014.08.002","article-title":"Experimental investigation of the effect of coarse aggregate shape and composition on concrete triaxial behavior","volume":"79","author":"Piotrowska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimpeng.2018.10.011","article-title":"Meso-scale modelling of the size effect on dynamic compressive failure of concrete under different strain rates","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Impact Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0300","unstructured":"S. H\u00e4fner, S. Eckardt, C. A. K\u00f6nke. A geometrical inclusion-matrix model for the finite element analysis of concrete at multiple scales. In: Proc. 16th IKM , Gurlebeck, Hempel, K\u00f6nke (eds.). Weimar; 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.040","article-title":"Numerical study of the effect of ITZ on the failure behaviour of concrete by using particle element modelling","volume":"170","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5416(85)90413-6","article-title":"Simulation and analysis of composite structures","volume":"68","author":"Wittmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engng"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1680\/jmacr.22.00214","article-title":"A novel numerical algorithm for 2D and 3D modelling of recycled aggregate with different geometries","volume":"75","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mag Concr Res"},{"issue":"1A","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0320","first-page":"23","article-title":"Theory and experiments on the mechanical behavior of cracks in plain and reinforced concrete subjected to shear loading","volume":"26","author":"Walaraven","year":"1981","journal-title":"Heron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. B. Fuller, S. E. Thompson. The laws of proportioning concrete. Trans Am Soc Civ Eng.(1907)LIX: 67-143.","DOI":"10.1061\/TACEAT.0001979"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-7949(98)00177-1","article-title":"Mesoscopic study of concrete I: generation of random aggregate structure and finite element mesh","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.02.005","article-title":"Properties of recycled concrete aggregate and their influence in new concrete production","volume":"133","author":"Verian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimpeng.2019.103318","article-title":"Dynamic size effect of concrete under tension: A numerical study","volume":"132","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Impact Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02486002","article-title":"Tensile cracking in concrete and sandstone: Part 1-Basic instruments","volume":"29","author":"Vervuurt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mater Struct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijimpeng.2013.12.005","article-title":"Numerical simulation of dynamic tensile-failure of concrete at meso-scale","volume":"66","author":"Du","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Impact Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.215","article-title":"Direct tensile testing of self-compacting concrete","volume":"112","author":"Alhussainy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Constr Build Mater"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-8846(97)00086-0","article-title":"Inhomogeneous interfacial transition zone model for the bulk modulus of mortar","volume":"27","author":"Lutz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2013.05.004","article-title":"Effects of interfacial transition zones on the stress\u2013strain behavior of modeled recycled aggregate concrete","volume":"52","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2013.01.006","article-title":"Properties of interfacial transition zones in recycled aggregate concrete tested by nanoindentation","volume":"37","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cem Concr Compos"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1002\/suco.201800261","article-title":"Mesomechanical properties of concrete with different shapes and replacement ratios of recycled aggregate based on base force element method","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Struct Concr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2015.11.036","article-title":"Aggregate shape effect on the overestimation of ITZ thickness: Quantitative analysis of Platonic particles","volume":"289","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0385","first-page":"E710","article-title":"Effect of coarse-aggregate shape on strength of hydraulic concrete","volume":"22","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Struct Concr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.03.014","article-title":"Aggregate shape effect on the overestimation of interface thickness for spheroidal particles","volume":"313","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127083","article-title":"Fractal analysis of 2D and 3D mesocracks in recycled aggregate concrete using X-ray computed tomography images","volume":"304","author":"Shang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0400","first-page":"311","article-title":"Size effect law of concrete tensile strength considering the influence of aggregate size","volume":"47","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing University of Technology"},{"issue":"21\u201322","key":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2008.04.013","article-title":"Mesoscale modelling of concrete tensile failure mechanism at high strain rates","volume":"86","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput Struct"}],"container-title":["Engineering Fracture Mechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013794424004314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013794424004314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T14:11:09Z","timestamp":1728310269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013794424004314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["S0013794424004314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-7944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-7944","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A variable-node element model and its application to damage analysis of RAC using the 2D base force element method","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2024.110268","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110268"}}