{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:28:02Z","timestamp":1790429282872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environment International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,23]],"date-time":"2012-09-23T06:47:18Z","timestamp":1348382838000},"page":"92-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Perfluoroalkyl substances in polar bear mother\u2013cub pairs: A comparative study based on plasma levels from 1998 and 2008"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Bytingsvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan P.J.","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Hamers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kees","family":"Swart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Aars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Else Mari Espseth","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Wiig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Derocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn M.","family":"Jenssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0005","series-title":"Phase-out plan for POSF-based products. United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Docket OPPT-2002-0043","author":"3M","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3891","DOI":"10.1021\/es0700911","article-title":"Determinants of fetal exposure to polyfluoroalkyl compounds in Baltimore, Maryland","volume":"41","author":"Apelberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.07.032","article-title":"Tetrahydrofuran-water extraction, in-line clean-up and selective liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of perfluorinated compounds in food at the low picogram per gram level","volume":"1217","author":"Ballesteros-Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.07.030","article-title":"Organohalogen concentrations in blood and adipose tissue of Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears","volume":"406","author":"Bentzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(96)00122-4","article-title":"Organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard","volume":"95","author":"Bernhoft","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7416","DOI":"10.1021\/es0508469","article-title":"Temporal and spatial trends of perfluorinated compounds in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) from Greenland","volume":"39","author":"Bossi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01685799","article-title":"Gas-chromatographic method for determination of organochlorine pesticides in human milk","volume":"19","author":"Brevik","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.258","article-title":"Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: terminology, classification, and origins","volume":"7","author":"Buck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Integr Environ Assess Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1021\/es062710w","article-title":"Prevalence of long-chained perfluorinated carboxylates in seabirds from the Canadian arctic between 1975 and 2004","volume":"41","author":"Butt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.03.015","article-title":"Levels and trends of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in the arctic environment","volume":"408","author":"Butt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.12.033","article-title":"PCBs and OH-PCBs in polar bear mother\u2013cub pairs: a comparative study based on plasma levels in 1998 and 2008","volume":"417\u2013418","author":"Bytingsvik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1139\/z02-103","article-title":"A body-condition index for ursids","volume":"80","author":"Cattet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can J Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/es070895g","article-title":"Are PFCAs bioaccumulative? A critical review and comparison with regulatory criteria and persistent lipophilic compounds","volume":"42","author":"Conder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900633","article-title":"Thyroid function and plasma concentrations of polyhalogenated compounds in inuit adults","volume":"117","author":"Dallaire","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/468905a","article-title":"Climate change. The prospects for polar bears","volume":"468","author":"Derocher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836902000377","article-title":"Postnatal growth in body length and mass of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard","volume":"256","author":"Derocher","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1542(2005)86[895:SDOPB]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of polar bears","volume":"86","author":"Derocher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1021\/es7025938","article-title":"Increasing perfluoroalkyl contaminants in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus): a new toxic threat to the Arctic bears","volume":"42","author":"Dietz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7123","DOI":"10.1021\/es101184f","article-title":"Pre- and postnatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)","volume":"44","author":"Fromme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/es001834k","article-title":"Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife","volume":"35","author":"Giesy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8151","DOI":"10.1021\/es103712g","article-title":"Perfluorochemical (PFC) exposure in children: associations with impaired response inhibition","volume":"45","author":"Gump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1039\/b102683f","article-title":"Monitoring PCBs in polar bears: lessons learned from Svalbard","volume":"3","author":"Henriksen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Environ Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2005.03.010","article-title":"Perfluorooctanoate: placental and lactational transport pharmacokinetics in rats","volume":"211","author":"Hinderliter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1021\/es052580b","article-title":"Biological monitoring of polyfluoroalkyl substances: a review","volume":"40","author":"Houde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp029","article-title":"Neonatal exposure to PFOS and PFOA in mice results in changes in proteins which are important for neuronal growth and synaptogenesis in the developing brain","volume":"108","author":"Johansson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1897\/02-553","article-title":"Binding of perfluorinated fatty acids to serum proteins","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.1021\/es051850n","article-title":"Chlorinated, brominated, and perfluorinated contaminants in livers of polar bears from Alaska","volume":"39","author":"Kannan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9491","article-title":"Exposure of perfluorinated chemicals through lactation: levels of matched human milk and serum and a temporal trend, 1996\u20132004, in Sweden","volume":"115","author":"Karrman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7982179x","article-title":"Nutrient mobilization from body tissues as influenced by litter size in lactating sows","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7465","DOI":"10.1021\/es202408a","article-title":"Trans-placental transfer of thirteen perfluorinated compounds and relations with fetal thyroid hormones","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.09.008","article-title":"Distribution of perfluorochemicals between sera and milk from the same mothers and implications for prenatal and postnatal exposures","volume":"159","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.05.036","article-title":"Temporal trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) in liver tissue of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Baltic Sea, 1974\u20132008","volume":"84","author":"Kratzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2003.11.031","article-title":"The developmental toxicity of perfluoroalkyl acids and their derivatives","volume":"198","author":"Lau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.10.038","article-title":"Exposure and effects assessment of persistent organohalogen contaminants in arctic wildlife and fish","volume":"408","author":"Letcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2011.05.001","article-title":"Comparison on gestation and lactation exposure of perfluorinated compounds for newborns","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn113","article-title":"Evaluation of the immune system in rats and mice administered linear ammonium perfluorooctanoate","volume":"105","author":"Loveless","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1021\/es034727+","article-title":"Identification of long-chain perfluorinated acids in biota from the Canadian Arctic","volume":"38","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.08.033","article-title":"The role of diet on long-term concentration and pattern trends of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in western Hudson Bay polar bears, 1991\u20132007","volume":"408","author":"McKinney","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.06.001","article-title":"Serum levels of perfluoroalkyl compounds in human maternal and umbilical cord blood samples","volume":"108","author":"Monroy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1021\/es1019614","article-title":"Partition of environmental chemicals between maternal and fetal blood and tissues","volume":"45","author":"Needham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901165","article-title":"Exposure to polyfluoroalkyl chemicals and cholesterol, body weight, and insulin resistance in the general US population","volume":"118","author":"Nelson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4919","DOI":"10.1021\/es034380a","article-title":"Space-use strategy is an important determinant of PCB concentrations in female polar bears in the Barents Sea","volume":"37","author":"Olsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(01)00278-0","article-title":"Body burdens and tissue concentrations of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) vary during seasonal fasts","volume":"118","author":"Polischuk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1021\/es0512475","article-title":"Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates","volume":"40","author":"Prevedouros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.09.054","article-title":"Increasing levels of long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) in Arctic and North Atlantic marine mammals, 1984\u20132009","volume":"86","author":"Rotander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7936","DOI":"10.1021\/es2016389","article-title":"Blood plasma sample preparation method for the assessment of thyroid hormone-disrupting potency in effect-directed analysis","volume":"45","author":"Simon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1021\/es048309w","article-title":"Circumpolar study of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus)","volume":"39","author":"Smithwick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1021\/es051750h","article-title":"Temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl contaminants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from two locations in the North American Arctic, 1972\u20132002","volume":"40","author":"Smithwick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-25.2.159","article-title":"Immobilization of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) with telazol in the Canadian Arctic","volume":"25","author":"Stirling","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0250","series-title":"Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants conference on the parties of the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants fourth meeting Geneva, 4\u20138 May 2009","article-title":"Report of the conference of the parties of the Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants on the work of its fourth meeting","author":"UNEP","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02535666","article-title":"Perfluorodecanoid acid and lipid metabolism in rats","volume":"23","author":"Van Rafelghem","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6671","DOI":"10.1021\/es070723j","article-title":"Trends of perfluorinated alkyl substances in herring gull eggs from two coastal colonies in northern Norway: 1983\u20132003","volume":"41","author":"Verreault","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfp055","article-title":"Competitive binding of poly- and perfluorinated compounds to the thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin","volume":"109","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"}],"container-title":["Environment International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016041201200178X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016041201200178X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:27:32Z","timestamp":1758972452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016041201200178X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S016041201200178X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0160-4120"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0160-4120","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perfluoroalkyl substances in polar bear mother\u2013cub pairs: A comparative study based on plasma levels from 1998 and 2008","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environment International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}