{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T17:26:40Z","timestamp":1775323600031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004561","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001826","name":"ZonMw","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91111.006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91111.006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T17:37:38Z","timestamp":1773941858000},"page":"124321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Black diamond and black silicon for reducing marine biofilm formation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"299","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.J.","family":"Romeu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8992-1097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.C.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Teixeira-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3086-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Zulpukarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Woudstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Atema-Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Geertsema-Doornbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8749-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Schirhagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.W.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5233-1037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.J.","family":"Mergulh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib1","series-title":"Principles of Fluid Mechanics","author":"Alexandrou","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9050216","article-title":"Efficacy of A Poly(MeOEGMA) brush on the prevention of Escherichia coli biofilm formation and susceptibility","volume":"9","author":"Alves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00113","article-title":"Proposal of Cobetia marina gen. nov., comb. nov., within the family Halomonadaceae, to include the species Halomonas marina","volume":"25","author":"Arahal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6280","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.10.6280-6287.2003","article-title":"Comparison of velocity profiles for different flow chamber designs used in studies of microbial adhesion to surfaces","volume":"69","author":"Bakker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02443","article-title":"Biofilm surface density determines biocide effectiveness","volume":"8","author":"Bas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-017-0186-9","article-title":"Subtle variations in surface properties of black silicon surfaces influence the degree of bactericidal efficiency","volume":"10","author":"Bhadra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1039\/B314073C","article-title":"High frequency monitoring of the coastal marine environment using the MAREL buoy","volume":"6","author":"Blain","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Environ. Monit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2018.00126","article-title":"Marine biofilms: a successful microbial strategy with economic implications","volume":"5","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040917","article-title":"New cyclam-based Fe(III) complexes coatings targeting Cobetia marina biofilms","volume":"30","author":"Carvalho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00506-4","article-title":"A review of organotin regulatory strategies, pending actions, related costs and benefits","volume":"258","author":"Champ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070046","article-title":"Phagocytosis of bacteria adhering to a biomaterial surface in a surface thermodynamic perspective","volume":"8","author":"da Silva Domingues","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201802140","article-title":"Versatile antibacterial materials: an emerging arsenal for combatting bacterial pathogens","volume":"28","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.04.051","article-title":"Reduction of bacterial biofilm formation using marine natural antimicrobial peptides","volume":"167","author":"Doiron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8815","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45280-2","article-title":"Studies of black diamond as an antibacterial surface for gram negative bacteria: the interplay between chemical and mechanical bactericidal activity","volume":"9","author":"Dunseath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9051102","article-title":"Unveiling the antifouling performance of different marine surfaces and their effect on the development and structure of cyanobacterial biofilms","volume":"9","author":"Faria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415","article-title":"The biofilm matrix","volume":"8","author":"Flemming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.123974","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles as an effective inhibitor for marine biofilm and biofouling","volume":"396","author":"Ghattavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2024.114387","article-title":"Innovative CuO-melanin hybrid nanoparticles and polytetrafluoroethylene for enhanced antifouling coatings","volume":"246","author":"Ghattavi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2022.107327","article-title":"Fabrication of antifouling coating based on chitosan-melanin hybrid nanoparticles as sustainable and antimicrobial surface","volume":"174","author":"Ghattavi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coating"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2024.108615","article-title":"Green synthesis of ZnO-chitosan nanoparticles and vinyl resin with effective antifouling properties","volume":"194","author":"Ghattavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coating"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib21","article-title":"Carbon nanotube-based surfaces: effect on the inhibition of single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis","volume":"9","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Results Surf. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib22","first-page":"4829","article-title":"Decreased bacteria activity on Si3N4 surfaces compared with PEEK or titanium","volume":"7","author":"Gorth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib23","series-title":"Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering","first-page":"217","article-title":"Advanced fibre-reinforced composites for marine renewable energy devices","author":"Harper","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM00107C","article-title":"Studies of Black silicon and black diamond as materials for antibacterial surfaces","volume":"6","author":"Hazell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020355","article-title":"The response of HeLa cells to fluorescent NanoDiamond uptake","volume":"18","author":"Hemelaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7765(99)00029-6","article-title":"The DLVO theory in microbial adhesion","volume":"14","author":"Hermansson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01672","article-title":"Efficient prevention of marine biofilm formation employing a surface-grafted Repellent marine peptide","volume":"4","author":"Herzberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-146-10-2395","article-title":"Quantification of biofilm structures by the novel computer program COMSTAT","volume":"146","author":"Heydorn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3838","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of black silicon","volume":"4","author":"Ivanova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102818","article-title":"Resolving physical interactions between bacteria and nanotopographies with focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy","volume":"24","author":"Jenkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127269","article-title":"Application of enzymes for targeted removal of biofilm and fouling from fouling-release surfaces in marine environments: a review","volume":"253","author":"Karyani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1300\/J030v13n01_11","article-title":"Identification of bacterial pathogens in biofilms of recirculating aquaculture systems","volume":"13","author":"King","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1300\/J028v18n01_05","article-title":"Comparison of bacterial presence in biofilms on different materials commonly found in recirculating aquaculture systems","volume":"18","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Aquacult."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-016-1258-3","article-title":"Effect of shipping traffic on biofouling invasion success at population and community levels","volume":"18","author":"Lacoursi\u00e8re-Roussel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.02.038","article-title":"The marine bacteria Cobetia marina DSMZ 4741 synthesizes an unexpected K-antigen-like exopolysaccharide","volume":"124","author":"Lelchat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314647","article-title":"Assessment of the antibiofilm performance of chitosan-based surfaces in marine environments","volume":"23","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib37","article-title":"Influence of nanoscale topology on bactericidal efficiency of black silicon surfaces","volume":"28","author":"Linklater","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5390","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b00293","article-title":"Small cationic peptides: influence of charge on their antimicrobial activity","volume":"3","author":"L\u00f3pez Cascales","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2018.10.007","article-title":"Bacterial interactions with nanostructured surfaces","volume":"38","author":"Luan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib40","series-title":"The Principles of Naval Architecture Series: Strength of Ships and Ocean Structures","author":"Mansour","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00491898","article-title":"Physiological and morphological changes during short term starvation of marine bacterial islates","volume":"142","author":"M\u00e5rd\u00e9n","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2000.0542","article-title":"Diamond thin films: a 21st-century material","volume":"358","author":"May","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5737","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB01774F","article-title":"Diamond-coated \u201cblack silicon\u201d as a promising material for high-surface-area electrochemical electrodes and antibacterial surfaces","volume":"4","author":"May","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2013.828712","article-title":"Interactions between microbial biofilms and marine fouling algae: a mini review","volume":"29","author":"Mieszkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-008-9320-8","article-title":"Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus attachment patterns on glass surfaces with nanoscale roughness","volume":"58","author":"Mitik-Dineva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib46","first-page":"917","article-title":"Antifouling marine coatings with a potentially safer and sustainable synthetic polyphenolic derivative","volume":"30","author":"Neves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2022.08.025","article-title":"Relaxometry for detecting free radical generation during Bacteria's response to antibiotics","volume":"199","author":"Norouzi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbon N. Y."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110930","article-title":"Effect of medium and aggregation on antibacterial activity of nanodiamonds","volume":"112","author":"Norouzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202301031","article-title":"Antimicrobial studies of black silicon and black diamond using gram-positive bacteria","volume":"25","author":"Norouzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35343-1","article-title":"The influence of surface chemistry on the kinetics and thermodynamics of bacterial adhesion","volume":"8","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17117","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR05183F","article-title":"Interaction of nanodiamonds with bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310076","article-title":"A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms","volume":"9","author":"Otsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-63007-6","article-title":"Tailoring H(2)O(2) generation kinetics with magnesium alloys for efficient disinfection on titanium surface","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-01218-3","article-title":"A scalable approach to topographically mediated antimicrobial surfaces based on diamond","volume":"19","author":"Paxton","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuu008","article-title":"Viscoelasticity of biofilms and their recalcitrance to mechanical and chemical challenges","volume":"39","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib56","article-title":"A distinguishable role of eDNA in the viscoelastic relaxation of biofilms","volume":"4","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00744-7","article-title":"Marine biofilms: diversity, interactions and biofouling","volume":"20","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14807","article-title":"Biofilm formation behaviour of marine filamentous cyanobacterial strains in controlled hydrodynamic conditions","volume":"21","author":"Romeu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14204410","article-title":"The use of 3D optical coherence tomography to analyze the architecture of cyanobacterial biofilms formed on a carbon nanotube composite","volume":"14","author":"Romeu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioflm.2024.100204","article-title":"Understanding the flow behavior around marine biofilms","volume":"7","author":"Romeu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biofilm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib61","series-title":"Notes on Instrumentation and Control (Marine Engineering)","author":"Roy","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12186","article-title":"Marine biofilms on artificial surfaces: structure and dynamics","volume":"15","author":"Salta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2009.0309","article-title":"Surface stability and electronic structure of hydrogen- and fluorine-terminated diamond surfaces: a first principles investigation","volume":"24","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.111219","article-title":"Assessment of the environmental compatibility and antifouling performance of an innovative biocidal and foul-release multifunctional marine coating","volume":"198","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13030381","article-title":"Graphene-based coating to mitigate biofilm development in marine environments","volume":"13","author":"Sousa-Cardoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jim.2900523","article-title":"Effects of marine paints on microbial biofilm development on three materials","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib67","series-title":"Introduction to Marine Engineering","author":"Taylor","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0722.2002.21341.x","article-title":"Influence of dentifrices and dietary components in saliva on wettability of pellicle-coated enamel in vitro and in vivo","volume":"110","author":"van der Mei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.149612","article-title":"Preventing algae biofilm formation via designing long-term oil storage surfaces for excellent antifouling performance","volume":"554","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/pj.2017.72","article-title":"Antimicrobial cationic polymers: from structural design to functional control","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9080495","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of a fluorinated diamond-like carbon coating for the development of antibacterial medical implants","volume":"9","author":"Yonezawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.02.068","article-title":"Deconvoluting the effects of surface chemistry and nanoscale topography: pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm nucleation on Si-based substrates","volume":"519","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.643722","article-title":"Implication of surface properties, bacterial motility, and hydrodynamic conditions on bacterial surface sensing and their initial adhesion","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14051079","article-title":"Evaluation of bacterial adhesion to the ZrO2 atomic layer deposited on the surface of cobalt-chromium dental alloy produced by DMLS method","volume":"14","author":"Zi\u0119bowicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials"}],"container-title":["Environmental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126006511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0013935126006511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T16:17:21Z","timestamp":1775319441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0013935126006511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S0013935126006511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-9351"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-9351","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Black diamond and black silicon for reducing marine biofilm formation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Environmental Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2026.124321","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124321"}}