{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:29:01Z","timestamp":1773851341437,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earth and Planetary Science Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,18]],"date-time":"2013-01-18T10:05:32Z","timestamp":1358503532000},"page":"258-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mantle dynamics and characteristics of the Azores plateau"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"362","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Adam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Madureira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Fitzenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Q01003","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GC000814","article-title":"MiFil: a method to characterize hotspot swells with application to the South Central Pacific","volume":"6","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib2","first-page":"B09408","article-title":"Extent of the South Pacific superswell","volume":"110","author":"Adam","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L08302","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL042534","article-title":"South Pacific hotspot swells dynamically supported by mantle flows","volume":"37","author":"Adam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2007.04.038","article-title":"The peculiar geochemical signatures of S\u00e3o Miguel lavas: metasomatised or recycled mantle sources?","volume":"259","author":"Beier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2007.01.008","article-title":"The 1980, 1997 and 1998 Azores earthquakes and some seismo-tectonic implications","volume":"435","author":"Borges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/286209a0","article-title":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge: zero-age geochemical variations between Azores and 22\u00b0N","volume":"286","author":"Bougault","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib7","first-page":"5","article-title":"Background, objectives and summary of principal results: deep sea drilling project sites 556\u2013564","volume":"82","author":"Bougault","year":"1985","journal-title":"Deep Sea Drill. Proj. Initial Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(99)00234-4","article-title":"Mid-Atlantic Ridge-Azores hotspot interactions: along-axis migration of a hotspot-derived event of enhanced magmatism 10 to 40Ma ago","volume":"173","author":"Cannat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0273(95)00033-X","article-title":"An historic subplinian\/phreatomagmatic eruption: the 1630 A.D. eruption of Furnas volcano, S\u00e3oMiguel, Azores","volume":"69","author":"Cole","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s004450100136","article-title":"Capelinhos 1957\u20131958, Faial, Azores: deposits formed by an emergent surtseyan eruption","volume":"63","author":"Cole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib12","first-page":"231","article-title":"A combined chemical and Pb\u2013Sr\u2013Nd isotope study of the Azores and Cape Verde hot-spots: the geodynamic implications","volume":"42","author":"Davies","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(99)00109-0","article-title":"The age and distribution of mantle heterogeneity along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (31\u201341 degrees N)","volume":"170","author":"Dosso","year":"1999","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9201(81)90046-7","article-title":"Preliminary reference Earth model","volume":"25","author":"Dziewonski","year":"1981","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Inter."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2006.07.043","article-title":"The origin of enriched mantle beneath S\u00e3o Miguel, Azores","volume":"71","author":"Elliott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21719","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000224","article-title":"Crustal thickness of V-shaped ridges south of the Azores: interaction of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36\u00b0-39\u00b0N) and the Azores hot spot","volume":"106","author":"Escart\u00edn","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib16","first-page":"205","article-title":"Basaltic lava balloons producing during the 1998\u20132001 Serreta Submarine Ridge eruption (Azores)","volume":"140","author":"Gaspar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. Monogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GC000527","article-title":"Interactions between the MAR and the Azores hot spot during the last 85Myr: emplacement and rifting of the hot spot-derived plateaus","volume":"4","author":"Gente","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.06.007","article-title":"Effects of ridge geometry on mantle dynamics in an oceanic triple junction region: implications for the Azores Plateau","volume":"298","author":"Georgen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1214209","article-title":"Plate Motions and Stresses from Global Dynamic Models","volume":"335","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib20","unstructured":"Heidbach, O., Tingay, M., Barth, A., Reinecker, J., Kurfe\u00df, D., M\u00fcller, B., 2008. The World Stress Map Database Release . doi:10.1594\/GFZ.WSM.Rel2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib21","series-title":"Deformation of Earth Materials: an Introduction to the Rheology of Solid Earth","author":"Karato","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1991.tb06724.x","article-title":"Travel times for global earthquake location and phase association","volume":"105","author":"Kennett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1970.tb06046.x","article-title":"North Atlantic crustal genesis in the vicinity of the Azores","volume":"19","author":"Krause","year":"1970","journal-title":"Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004505401547","article-title":"Morpho-tectonic analysis of the Azores Volcanic Plateau from a new bathymetric compilation of the area","volume":"20","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mar. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(94)90231-3","article-title":"A\u00e7ores Triple Junction Evolution in the last 10ma from a New Aeromagnetic Survey,","volume":"125","author":"Luis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"issue":"2006","key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.010","article-title":"The isostatic compensation of the Azores Plateau: a 3D admittance and coherence analysis","volume":"156","author":"Luis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib27","first-page":"B10","article-title":"Re-evaluation of Magnetic Chrons in the North-Atlantic between 35\u00b0N and 47\u00b0N: implications for the formation of the Azores triple junction and associated plateau","volume":"113","author":"Luis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib28","unstructured":"Luis, J.M., Miranda, J.M., Lourenco, N., Moulin, M., 2009. Improved magnetic compilation for the Central North Atlantic based on new data from the Portuguese UNCLOS proposal and CM4 model. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract GP13C-0778."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib29","unstructured":"Machado, F., 1959. Actividade vuIclnica da ilha do Faial. Atl\u00e2ntida, org\u00e3o do Inst. A\u00e7oriano de Cultura. vol. Ill, no. 1, e 3, Angra do Hero\u00edsmo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(90)90452-E","article-title":"Geodynamic models for the Azores triple junction: a contribution from tectonics","volume":"184","author":"Madeira","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2005.02.030","article-title":"Primitive helium and neon isotopes in Terceira Island: constraints on the origin of the Azores archipelago","volume":"233","author":"Madureira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2011.07.002","article-title":"Mantle source heterogeneity, magma generation and magmatic evolution at Terceira Island (Azores archipelago): Constraints from elemental and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb) data","volume":"126","author":"Madureira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maia, M., C. H\u00e9mond, Gente P., 2001. Contrasted interactions between plume, upper mantle, and lithosphere: foundation chain case. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 2, paper number 2000GC000117.","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GC000117"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1972.tb02351.x","article-title":"Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region","volume":"30","author":"McKenzie","year":"1972","journal-title":"Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib36","unstructured":"Miranda, J.M., Luis, J.F., Lourenco, N. Azores Triple Junction: no discrete boundary close to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Geology, submitted for publication."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092485","article-title":"Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle","volume":"303","author":"Montelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Q11007","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GC001248","article-title":"A catalogue of deep mantle plumes: new results from finite frequency tomography","volume":"7","author":"Montelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301211","article-title":"Volcanic geology and eruption frequency, S\u00e3o Miguel, Azores","volume":"52","author":"Moore","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull. Volcanol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(99)00071-0","article-title":"Helium and lead isotope geochemistry in the Azores archipelago","volume":"169","author":"Moreira","year":"1999","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/230042a0","article-title":"Convection plumes in the lower mantle","volume":"230","author":"Morgan","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2010.04884.x","article-title":"S40RTS: a degree-40 shear-velocity model for the mantle from new Rayleigh wave dispersion, teleseismic traveltime and normal-mode splitting function measurements","volume":"184","author":"Ritsema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/314062a0","article-title":"Upper mantle heterogeneities and dynamics","volume":"314","author":"Schilling","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.132.6.0645","article-title":"The recent volcanology of Terceira, Azores","volume":"132","author":"Self","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Geol. Soc. London"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9201(02)00076-6","article-title":"Anisotropic tomography of the Atlantic Ocean","volume":"132","author":"Silveira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Inter."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.022","article-title":"Azores hotspot signature in the upper mantle","volume":"156","author":"Silveira","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2006.03.009","article-title":"A morphometric analysis of the submarine volcanic ridge south-east of Pico Island, Azores","volume":"156","author":"Stretch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/359123a0","article-title":"A model for the global variation in oceanic depth and heat-flow with lithospheric age","volume":"359","author":"Stein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib48","series-title":"Geodynamics","author":"Turcotte","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(97)00031-4","article-title":"U\u2013Th isotope disequilibria and ocean islands basalt generation in the Azores","volume":"139","author":"Turner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chem. Geol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(03)00627-7","article-title":"The Terceira Rift as hyper-slow, hotspot-dominated oblique spreading axis: a comparison with other slow-spreading plate boundaries","volume":"218","author":"Vogt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00372322","article-title":"The petrology and geochemistry of the Azores Islands","volume":"69","author":"White","year":"1979","journal-title":"Contrib. Mineral. Petrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2006.07.031","article-title":"Upper mantle structure beneath the Azores hotspot from finite-frequency seismic tomography","volume":"250","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"Q07002","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GC002008","article-title":"Core\u2013mantle boundary topography estimated from numerical simulations of instantaneous mantle flow","volume":"9","author":"Yoshida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2015.07.045","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000}}],"container-title":["Earth and Planetary Science Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012821X12006231?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012821X12006231?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T23:16:41Z","timestamp":1762125401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012821X12006231"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0012821X12006231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-821X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-821X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mantle dynamics and characteristics of the Azores plateau","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.11.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}