{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T22:15:59Z","timestamp":1772835359240,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/151512\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/151512\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCIF\/MOS\/0012\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/MOS\/0012\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB \/ 00239\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB \/ 00239\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Forest Ecology and Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T01:29:21Z","timestamp":1755739761000},"page":"123081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quercus suber and Pinus pinea mixture alters leaf traits and reduces insect herbivory without affecting predation in a Mediterranean agroforestry system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"596","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9785-4727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas D.H.","family":"Ramires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra C.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8795-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastien","family":"Castagneyrol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5349-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Barcik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David Lloberas","family":"Lafuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8140-1257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"sp7","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(2006)87[132:PDS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Plant defense syndromes","volume":"87","author":"Agrawal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2014.08.013","article-title":"Does insect herbivory on oak depend on the diversity of tree stands?","volume":"15","author":"Alalouni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120242","article-title":"Associational resistance and associational susceptibility: having right or wrong neighbors","volume":"40","author":"Barbosa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib4","series-title":"Master dissertation, Instituto Superior de Agronomia]","article-title":"Soil fungal composition and diversity in pure and mixed forests of quercus suber and pinus pinea","author":"Barcik","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1570-7458.2006.00359.x","article-title":"Plant volatiles mediate attraction to host and non-host plant in apple fruit moth, argyresthia conjugella","volume":"118","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2010.02167.x","article-title":"Biotic stress globally downregulates photosynthesis genes","volume":"33","author":"Bilgin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab215f","article-title":"Impacts of climate and insect herbivory on productivity and physiology of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) in alaskan boreal forests","volume":"14","author":"Boyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066","article-title":"glmmTMB balances speed and flexibility among packages for zero-inflated generalized linear mixed modeling","author":"Brooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"R J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2307\/1938810","article-title":"Herbivory in complex and simple tropical successional ecosystems","volume":"68","author":"Brown","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.03.023","article-title":"Additive or non-additive effect of mixing oak in pine stands on soil properties depends on the tree species in Mediterranean forests","volume":"590","author":"Brunel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib11","first-page":"221","article-title":"Arthropod assemblages in tree canopies: a comparison of orders on box mistletoe (amyema miquelii) and its host eucalypts","volume":"50","author":"Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust. J. Entomol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.15666\/aeer\/1404_477491","article-title":"Relationship between insect damage and chlorophyll content in Mediterranean oak species. Appl","volume":"14","author":"C\u00e1rdenas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12055","article-title":"Plant apparency, an overlooked driver of associational resistance to insect herbivory","volume":"101","author":"Castagneyrol","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12175","article-title":"Effects of plant phylogenetic diversity on herbivory depend on herbivore specialization","volume":"51","author":"Castagneyrol","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3520","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.2950","article-title":"Bottom-up and top-down effects of tree species diversity on leaf insect herbivory","volume":"7","author":"Castagneyrol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2745.12956","article-title":"Anti-herbivore defences and insect herbivory: interactive effects of drought and tree neighbours","volume":"106","author":"Castagneyrol","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-014-9749-7","article-title":"Birds as predators of cork and holm oak pests","volume":"90","author":"Ceia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.3390\/f9090534","article-title":"Ecological interactions between cork oak (Quercus suber L.) and stone pine (Pinus pinea L.): results from a pot experiment","volume":"9","author":"Correia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib19","article-title":"Principais esp\u00e9cies florestais com interesse para Portugal: zonas de influ\u00eancia mediterr\u00e2nica","author":"Correia","year":"1999","journal-title":"DGF"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13234","article-title":"Analysing continuous proportions in ecology and evolution: a practical introduction to beta and dirichlet regression","volume":"10","author":"Douma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib21","unstructured":"EUFORGEN (2025). \u3008https:\/\/www.euforgen.org\u3009. (Acessed 19 februray 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2024.122398","article-title":"Tree diversity reduces pathogen damage in temperate forests: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"578","author":"Field","year":"2025","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s11829-017-9545-1","article-title":"Multiple plant traits influence community composition of insect herbivores: a comparison of two understorey shrubs","volume":"11","author":"Forbes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthropod Plant Inter."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2012.08.004","article-title":"Influence of surrounding vegetation on insect herbivory: a matter of spatial scale and herbivore specialisation","volume":"13","author":"Giffard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00468-008-0212-0","article-title":"Intraspecific competition and water use efficiency in quercus suber: evidence of an optimum tree density?","volume":"22","author":"Gouveia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trees"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib26","article-title":"World forests, global change, and emerging pests and pathogens. Curr. opin. Environ","volume":"61","author":"Guegan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20151037","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2015.1037","article-title":"Tree diversity reduces pest damage in mature forests across Europe","volume":"12","author":"Guyot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1086\/320866","article-title":"Contrasting effects of plant richness and composition on insect communities: a field experiment","volume":"158","author":"Haddad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppees.2007.01.001","article-title":"Plant structural traits and their role in anti-herbivore defence","volume":"8","author":"Hanley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Perspect. Pl. Ecol. Evol. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12344","article-title":"Untangling the influence of phylogeny, soil and climate on leaf element concentrations in a biodiversity hotspot","volume":"29","author":"Hao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib31","first-page":"532","article-title":"Package \u2018dharma\u2019","volume":"531","author":"Hartig","year":"2017","journal-title":"R. Package"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera Garc\u00eda, S., Cardoso, R.M., Matos Soares, P., Esp\u00edrito-Santo, F., Viterbo, P., Guti\u00e9rrez Llorente, J.M., 2019. Iberia01: A new gridded dataset of daily precipitation and temperatures over Iberia.","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-2019-95"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ecs2.1990","article-title":"Plant diversity increases predation by ground-dwelling invertebrate predators","volume":"8","author":"Hertzog","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2307\/1940151","article-title":"Special feature: the relative contributions of top-down and bottom-up forces in population and community ecology","volume":"73","author":"Hunter","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib35","series-title":"6\u00b0 Invent\u00e1rio florestal nacional: 2015 Relat\u00f3rio final","first-page":"276","author":"ICNF","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01073.x","article-title":"Tree diversity reduces herbivory by forest insects","volume":"10","author":"Jactel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-041720-075234","article-title":"Tree diversity and forest resistance to insect pests: patterns, mechanisms, and prospects","volume":"66","author":"Jactel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1890\/14-1097.1","article-title":"Plant neighborhood effects on herbivory: damage is both density and frequency dependent","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.02206","article-title":"The ratio between field attractive and background volatiles encodes host-plant recognition in a specialist moth","volume":"8","author":"Knudsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2019.01.013","article-title":"Effects of forest management on herbivorous insects in temperate Europe","volume":"437","author":"Leidinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actao.2016.10.008","article-title":"Responses of tree and insect herbivores to elevated nitrogen inputs: a meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Oecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpx131","article-title":"The mycorrhizal type governs root exudation and nitrogen uptake of temperate tree species","volume":"38","author":"Liese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tree Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Mediterranean climate: an overview of the main characteristics and issues","volume":"4","author":"Lionello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcw180","article-title":"Does greater specific leaf area plasticity help plants to maintain a high performance when shaded?","volume":"118","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1890\/12-0328.1","article-title":"Predicting invertebrate herbivory from plant traits: evidence from 51 grassland species in experimental monocultures","volume":"93","author":"Loranger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12405","article-title":"A review of the sentinel prey method as a way of quantifying invertebrate predation under field conditions","volume":"24","author":"L\u00f6vei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00772","article-title":"Ggeffects: tidy data frames of marginal effects from regression models","volume":"3","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"Performance: an r package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2022.120085","article-title":"Effects of plant diversity and leaf traits on insect herbivory in plantation and natural forests","volume":"509","author":"Martini","year":"2022","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-017-0825-0","article-title":"Exploring the effects of plant odors, from tree species of differing host quality, on the response of lymantria dispar males to female sex pheromones","volume":"43","author":"McCormick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15558","article-title":"Forest diversity effects on insect herbivores: do leaf traits matter?","volume":"221","author":"Muiruri","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Phytol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers364","article-title":"Herbivore induction of jasmonic acid and chemical defences reduce photosynthesis in nicotiana attenuata","volume":"64","author":"Nabity","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12172","article-title":"Global relationship of wood and leaf litter decomposability: the role of functional traits within and across plant organs","volume":"23","author":"Pietsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib54","series-title":"Agriculture in Mediterranean Europe: between old and new paradigms","first-page":"75","article-title":"Chapter 4 changing Agriculture\u2013Changing landscapes: what is going on in the high valued montado","author":"Pinto-Correia","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-011-9388-1","article-title":"Introducing the montado, the cork and holm oak agroforestry system of Southern Portugal","volume":"82","author":"Pinto-Correia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agrofor. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.13700","article-title":"Climate affects neighbour-induced changes in leaf chemical defences and tree diversity\u2013herbivory relationships","volume":"35","author":"Poeydebat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-821269","article-title":"Leaf traits and herbivory rates of tropical tree species differing in successional status","volume":"6","author":"Poorter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.28.010183.002005","article-title":"Visual detection of plants by herbivorous insects","volume":"28","author":"Prokopy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-018-0075-6","article-title":"Forest insects and climate change","volume":"4","author":"Pureswaran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib60","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2024"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.2307\/1940130","article-title":"Foraging behavior of forest birds: the relationships among search tactics, diet, and habitat structure","volume":"63","author":"Robinson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2307\/1942161","article-title":"Organization of a plant-arthropod association in simple and diverse habitats: the fauna of collards (Brassica oleracea)","volume":"43","author":"Root","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/ee\/18.4.590","article-title":"Enemies hypothesis: a review of the effect of vegetational diversity on predatory insects and parasitoids","volume":"18","author":"Russell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2014.11.014","article-title":"A meta-analysis of physiological and behavioral responses of parasitoid wasps to flowers of individual plant species","volume":"82","author":"Russell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2023.121357","article-title":"Broadleaved trees enhance biodiversity of the understorey vegetation in boreal forests","volume":"546","author":"Salemaa","year":"2023","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.12695","article-title":"Functional and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants drive herbivory in a highly diverse forest","volume":"202","author":"Schuldt","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Phytol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1890\/0012-9658(1998)079[2057:ETOEOP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Experimental tests of effects of plant productivity and diversity on grassland arthropod diversity","volume":"79","author":"Siemann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/jen.12015","article-title":"Effect of the canopy complexity of trees on the rate of predation of insects","volume":"137","author":"\u0160ipo\u0161","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-020-00123-6","article-title":"The influence of tree diversity on natural enemies\u2014a review of the \u201cenemies\u201d hypothesis in forests","volume":"6","author":"Staab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.baae.2021.12.003","article-title":"Meta-analysis of tree diversity effects on the abundance, diversity and activity of herbivores' enemies","volume":"58","author":"Stemmelen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Appl. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/eea.12347","article-title":"Apparency revisited","volume":"157","author":"Strauss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-017-0547-8","article-title":"Effect of nitrogen levels on photosynthetic parameters, morphological and chemical characters of saplings and trees in a temperate forest","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. For. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-015-0534-1","article-title":"Cork oak pests: a review of insect damage and management","volume":"73","author":"Tiberi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. For. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0030-1299.2008.15972.x","article-title":"Effects of stand tree species composition and diversity on abundance of predatory arthropods","volume":"117","author":"Vehvil\u00e4inen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12874","article-title":"Bottom-up vs. top-down Effects on terrestrial insect herbivores: a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Vidal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32666","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32666","article-title":"Non-host plant volatiles disrupt sex pheromone communication in a specialist herbivore","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2014.02.005","article-title":"Evolution and biogeography of gymnosperms","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0706.2012.20688.x","article-title":"Little strokes fell great oaks: minor but chronic herbivory substantially reduces birch growth","volume":"121","author":"Zvereva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oikos"}],"container-title":["Forest Ecology and Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378112725005894?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378112725005894?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:10:01Z","timestamp":1772806201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378112725005894"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0378112725005894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-1127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-1127","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quercus suber and Pinus pinea mixture alters leaf traits and reduces insect herbivory without affecting predation in a Mediterranean agroforestry system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Forest Ecology and Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foreco.2025.123081","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"123081"}}