{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T07:27:47Z","timestamp":1774596467216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0094\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0094\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["402\\u2013022125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["402\\u2013022125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007689","name":"Universidade de Aveiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C644915664-00000026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644915664-00000026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024333","name":"Rede Nacional de Espectrometria de Massa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024333","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018886","name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Qu\u00edmica Verde","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["LWT"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T19:06:41Z","timestamp":1747422401000},"page":"117888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative lipid analysis and valorization strategies for processed gilthead seabream and European pilchard secondary raw materials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"225","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9585-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Goracci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Leonor","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib1","series-title":"Dietary supplements","article-title":"DHA (docosahexaenoic acid): A biomolecule with diverse roles and health benefits","author":"Abdul","year":"2023"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1080\/10962247.2020.1813840","article-title":"Potential of discarded sardine scales (Sardina pilchardus) as chitosan sources","volume":"70","author":"Aboudamia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancard.2018.04.007","article-title":"Sardine purified proteins improve blood pressure, glycemic control, anti-atherogenic metabolic pathways and antioxidant capacity in obese rats","volume":"67","author":"Affane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angeiologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.03.001","article-title":"Hypolipidemic, antioxidant and antiatherogenic property of sardine by-products proteins in high-fat diet induced obese rats","volume":"199","author":"Affane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114504","article-title":"Partial replacement of fish oil with vegetal oils in commercial diets: The effect on the quality of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)","volume":"265","author":"\u00c1lvarez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal Feed Science and Technology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e09846","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in improving biodiesel's oxidative stability, poor cold flow properties, and the effects of the duo on engine performance: A review","volume":"8","author":"Amran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2022.06.004","article-title":"Waste animal fats as feedstock for biodiesel production using non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterification: A perspective by the PRISMA methodology","volume":"69","author":"Andreo-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy for Sustainable Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.07.260","article-title":"Bio-lubricants production from fish oil residue by transesterification with trimethylolpropane","volume":"202","author":"Angulo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12091810","article-title":"Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed with Pelvetia canaliculata-supplemented diets: An insight towards the valorization of seaweed biomass","volume":"12","author":"Antunes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9090861","article-title":"Fish waste: A potential source of biodiesel","volume":"9","author":"Anu Prasanna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib11","year":"2019","journal-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2020.11.197","volume":"6","author":"Aparamarta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib13","article-title":"Deproteinization of Moroccan sardine waste (Sardina pilchardus): A pilot-scale study","volume":"12","author":"Ardhaoui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Letters in Applied NanoBioScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.03.014","article-title":"The potential cardiometabolic effects of long-chain \u03c9-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Recent updates and controversies","volume":"14","author":"Bae","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.01.038","article-title":"Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production","volume":"32","author":"Bankovi\u0107-Ili\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.33182\/tmj.v5i2.382","article-title":"Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand","volume":"5","author":"Barbosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING JOURNAL"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(70)90343-X","article-title":"Spectrophotometric determination of phosphate esters in the presence and absence of orthophosphate","volume":"36","author":"Bartlett","year":"1970","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850802581823","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) by-products and lipid recovery","volume":"18","author":"Batista","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib19","article-title":"Algal and vegetable oils as sustainable fish oil substitutes in rainbow trout diets: An approach to reduce contaminant exposure","volume":"2018","author":"B\u00e9langer-Lamonde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Food Quality"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/o59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1021\/jf205159a","article-title":"Characterization of phospholipid molecular species in the edible parts of bony fish and shellfish","volume":"60","author":"Boselli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ancard.2013.04.007","article-title":"L\u2019huile des co-produits de poisson corrige la dyslipid\u00e9mie, am\u00e9liore le transport inverse du cholest\u00e9rol et stimule l\u2019activit\u00e9 de la paraoxonase-1 chez le rat ob\u00e8se","volume":"62","author":"Boukhari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annales de Cardiologie et d'Angeiologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:103:1:017","article-title":"Quantification and speciation of mercury and selenium in fish samples of high consumption in Spain and Portugal","volume":"103","author":"Caba\u00f1ero","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Trace Element Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib24","first-page":"30","article-title":"Determination of carbohydrate amounts of various cheese types presented to sale in the market","volume":"5","author":"Cebeci","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165695","article-title":"Nutritional indices for assessing fatty acids: A mini-review","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2008.12.057","article-title":"Ultrafiltration of triglyceride from biodiesel using the phase diagram of oil\u2013FAME\u2013MeOH","volume":"330","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Membrane Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/md19020116","article-title":"Fish waste: From problem to valuable resource","volume":"19","author":"Coppola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib28","first-page":"1","volume":"300","author":"Council","year":"2009","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics9010013","article-title":"Zooceuticals and cosmetic ingredients derived from animals","volume":"9","author":"Cristiano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2021.26.3.285","article-title":"Hepatoprotective and anti-obesity properties of sardine by-product oil in rats fed a high-fat diet","volume":"26","author":"Daidj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Preventive Nutrition and Food Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib31","first-page":"115","article-title":"A review of animal fat: A great source for industrial applications","volume":"6","author":"Dhanavel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082333","article-title":"The importance of marine omega-3s for brain development and the prevention and treatment of behavior, mood, and other brain disorders","volume":"12","author":"DiNicolantonio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072421","article-title":"Beneficial outcomes of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on human health: An update for 2021","volume":"13","author":"Djuricic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2013.04.003","article-title":"Extraction of high added value biological compounds from sardine, sardine-type fish and mackerel canning residues--a review","volume":"33","author":"Ferraro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Materials Science & Engineering, C: Materials for Biological Applications"},{"issue":"3_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/10915818221123790","article-title":"Amended safety assessment of triglycerides as used in cosmetics","volume":"41","author":"Fiume","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Toxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2011.01.008","article-title":"Comparison of ABTS\/DPPH assays to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidant-rich US foods","volume":"24","author":"Floegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Food Composition and Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9020090","article-title":"Application of pulsed electric fields for obtaining antioxidant extracts from fish residues","volume":"9","author":"Franco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123825","article-title":"Emollients in dermatological creams: Early evaluation for tailoring formulation and therapeutic performance","volume":"653","author":"Franco-Gil","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6266","article-title":"Lipid characterization and properties of protein hydrolysates obtained from discarded Mediterranean fish species","volume":"93","author":"Garc\u00eda-Moreno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2013.03.002","article-title":"Production of EPA and DHA in aquatic ecosystems and their transfer to the land","volume":"107","author":"Gladyshev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-019-0022-0","article-title":"Mind the (supply) gap","volume":"1","author":"Glencross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Omega-3 futures in aquaculture: Exploring the supply and demands for long-chain omega-3 essential fatty acids by aquaculture species","author":"Glencross","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6667","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15536","article-title":"Effects of dietary linolenic acid to linoleic acid ratio on growth performance, proximate composition and fatty acid contents of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)","volume":"52","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquaculture Research"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11162333","article-title":"A balanced dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exerts an effect on total fatty acid profile in RBCs and inflammatory markers in subjects with obesity","volume":"11","author":"Gonzalez-Becerra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6257","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b01259","article-title":"Lipostar, a comprehensive platform-neutral cheminformatics tool for lipidomics","volume":"89","author":"Goracci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8671-9","article-title":"Identification of isobaric lyso-phosphatidylcholines in lipid extracts of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fillets by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution Fourier-transform mass spectrometry","volume":"407","author":"Granafei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11091118","article-title":"The catalysed transformation of vegetable oils or animal fats to biofuels and bio-lubricants: A review","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e1jek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib49","first-page":"475","article-title":"Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids","volume":"22","author":"Hartman","year":"1973","journal-title":"Laboratory Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib50","article-title":"Biodiesel production from waste animal fat by transesterification using H2SO4 and KOH catalysts: A study of physiochemical properties","volume":"2022","author":"Hasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Chemical Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2015-0029","article-title":"Production, distribution, and abundance of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: A fundamental dichotomy between freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems","volume":"23","author":"Hixson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environmental Reviews"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-019-00739-1","article-title":"Fish processing industry residues: A review of valuable products extraction and characterization methods","volume":"11","author":"Ideia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.09.033","article-title":"Extraction of fish oil using green extraction methods: A short review","volume":"128","author":"Ivanovs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib54","author":"Jasrotia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9020190","article-title":"Nutrient composition and fatty acid and protein profiles of selected fish by-products","volume":"9","author":"Kandyliari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2004.11.002","article-title":"Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters","volume":"86","author":"Knothe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fuel Processing Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.10.034","article-title":"A review of the effect of the composition of biodiesel on NOx emission, oxidative stability and cold flow properties","volume":"54","author":"Lanjekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5229","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2299","article-title":"Health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid and its bioavailability: A review","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Science and Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib59","article-title":"The effects of fish oil on cardiovascular diseases: Systematical evaluation and recent advance","volume":"8","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136965","article-title":"Effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammation and cancerogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Liput","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111269","article-title":"State-of-the-art technologies for biofuel production from triglycerides: A review","volume":"148","author":"Long","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib62","series-title":"Transport and environmen","article-title":"The fat of the land","author":"Malins","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib63","series-title":"The seafood industry: Species, products, processing, and safety","first-page":"128","article-title":"Waste (by-product) utilization","author":"Marsh","year":"2012"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081625","article-title":"Differences and similarities in lipid composition, nutritional value, and bioactive potential of four edible chlorella vulgaris strains","volume":"12","author":"Maur\u00edcio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/md19030160","article-title":"Farmed gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) by-products valorization: Viscera oil \u03c9-3 enrichment by short-path distillation and in vitro bioactivity evaluation","volume":"19","author":"Messina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11102008","article-title":"Review on gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) aquaculture: Life cycle, growth, aquaculture practices and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Mhalhel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-022-01642-w","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids coordinate glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients","volume":"21","author":"Mone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lipids in Health and Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2023.108215","article-title":"Biocatalytic production of biolubricants: Strategies, problems and future trends","volume":"68","author":"Monteiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnology Advances"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1111\/mms.12823","article-title":"Characterization of the cardiac phospholipidome of small cetaceans provides adaptational insight and a foundation for indirect population health screening","volume":"37","author":"Monteiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marine Mammal Science"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3390\/md22110518","article-title":"Unveiling the lipid features and valorization potential of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) heads","volume":"22","author":"Monteiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-009-9204-z","article-title":"Biodiesel production, properties, and feedstocks","volume":"45","author":"Moser","year":"2009","journal-title":"In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib72","article-title":"Effects of \u03c9-3 fatty acids and ratio of \u03c9-3\/\u03c9-6 for health promotion and disease prevention","volume":"42","author":"Mukhametov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.3390\/su15021363","article-title":"Consumer attitudes towards fish and seafood in Portugal: Opportunities for footprint reduction","volume":"15","author":"Murthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/md19050233","article-title":"Omega-3-Rich oils from marine side streams and their potential application in food","volume":"19","author":"Pateiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3390\/md18020101","article-title":"Nutritional profiling and the value of processing by-products from gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata)","volume":"18","author":"Pateiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Marine Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1280296","article-title":"Biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids: Current status and future perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib77","first-page":"20","article-title":"Rendered animal fat: A boon to the cosmetic industry","volume":"99","author":"Rahman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian Veterinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.100161","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid","volume":"15","author":"Richard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advances in Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.011","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction of fish oil from fish by-products: A comparison with other extraction methods","volume":"109","author":"Rubio-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Food Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib80","article-title":"Tallow, rendered animal fat, and its biocompatibility with skin: A scoping review","volume":"16","author":"Russell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib81","series-title":"Advances in food and nutrition research","first-page":"175","article-title":"Chapter Five - harnessing value and sustainability: Fish waste valorization and the production of valuable byproducts","author":"Sahana","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.11.068","article-title":"The influence of animal fat type and purification conditions on biodiesel quality","volume":"118","author":"Sander","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070642","article-title":"Unraveling the lipidome and antioxidant activity of native bifurcaria bifurcata and invasive sargassum muticum seaweeds: A lipid perspective on how systemic intrusion may present an opportunity","volume":"9","author":"Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2022.127081","article-title":"Fish processing discards: A plausible resource for valorization to renewable fuels production, optimization, byproducts and challenges","volume":"335","author":"Saravanan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib85","article-title":"Functional groups of bio-lubricants from crude catfish oil (Pangasius hypothalamus)","volume":"919","author":"Sari","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2020.100137","article-title":"By-products of fish-oil refinery as potential substrates for biogas production in Norway: A preliminary study","volume":"6","author":"Sarker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Results in Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-111317-095850","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits","volume":"9","author":"Shahidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2022.106260","article-title":"Sustainable optimization of global aquatic omega-3 supply chain could substantially narrow the nutrient gap","volume":"181","author":"Shepon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Resources, Conservation and Recycling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.064","article-title":"Mode of action and determination of antioxidant activity in the dietary sources: An overview","volume":"28","author":"Siddeeg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9070867","article-title":"Seasonal changes in free amino acid and fatty acid compositions of sardines, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792): Implications for nutrition","volume":"9","author":"\u0160imat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2019.100484","article-title":"Production and characterization of crude oils from seafood processing by-products","volume":"33","author":"\u0160imat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Bioscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2015-000385","article-title":"The importance of a balanced \u03c9-6 to \u03c9-3 ratio in the prevention and management of obesity","volume":"3","author":"Simopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib93","series-title":"Principles of instrumental analysis","author":"Skoog","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib94","author":"Summit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134361","article-title":"Resource recovery from fish waste: Prospects and the usage of intensified extraction technologies","volume":"299","author":"Thirukumaran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212104","article-title":"Extraction and characterization of gelatin from skin by-products of seabream, seabass and rainbow trout reared in aquaculture","volume":"22","author":"Valcarcel","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9101503","article-title":"Optimization of the enzymatic protein hydrolysis of by-products from seabream (Sparus aurata) and seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), chemical and functional characterization","volume":"9","author":"Valcarcel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2023.01.001","article-title":"New alternative sources of omega-3 fish oil","volume":"105","author":"Venegas-Caler\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in Food & Nutrition Research"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5414","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8432","article-title":"Bio-functional properties of sardine protein hydrolysates obtained by brewer's spent yeast and commercial proteases","volume":"97","author":"Vieira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"issue":"Web Server issue","key":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W127","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks374","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 2.0--a comprehensive server for metabolomic data analysis","volume":"40","author":"Xia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"}],"container-title":["LWT"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0023643825005729?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0023643825005729?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T22:55:19Z","timestamp":1762210519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0023643825005729"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":99,"alternative-id":["S0023643825005729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-6438"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-6438","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative lipid analysis and valorization strategies for processed gilthead seabream and European pilchard secondary raw materials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"LWT","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lwt.2025.117888","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117888"}}