{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T07:58:35Z","timestamp":1759564715985},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as any involuntary urine loss that predominantly affects older women. There is evidence that pelvic floor muscles training (PFMT) program is effective on the treatment of pelvic floor (PF) dysfunctions and is considered to be first-line treatment. The evaluation of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function and strength is central to validate the effectiveness of the training protocol in UI decrease. The Oxford Grading Scale and manometry are fundamental to evaluate the PFM function and strength.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of the study was to systematize the scientific evidence about the effects of PFMT in older women, assessing the PF function and strength through Oxford Grading Scale and manometry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The research of randomized controlled clinical trials was performed through B-on, EBSCO, PEDro, Pubmed, and SciELO data carried out from 2003 to 2016.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 35 studies were identified, 26 of these were selected and fully analyzed. From the analyzed studies (n\u200a=\u200a26), 20 were excluded for not meeting the criteria for inclusion, and only 6 studies were classified as high methodological quality, scoring an overall 4 points according the PEDro scale.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The PFMT seems to be effective in treating UI in older women; the Oxford Grading Scale and manometry are considered the most reliable in the random and controlled clinical trials results. However, future investigations with high methodological quality with older women are necessary to support these results.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbj.0000000000000009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T17:35:42Z","timestamp":1538501742000},"page":"e9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the pelvic floor muscles training in older women with urinary incontinence: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports, University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports, University of Porto"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure CIAFEL"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Jorge Natal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering INEGI"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Viana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fernando Pessoa"},{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o EPE, Porto, Portugal."}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20870","article-title":"Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence","volume":"29","author":"Abrams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R2-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"21","author":"Dirk de","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R3-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S1836-9553(13)70180-2","article-title":"There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review","volume":"59","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiother"},{"key":"R4-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798","article-title":"An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)\/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Haylen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R5-20230824","first-page":"689","article-title":"Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women: an abridged Cochrane systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Hay-Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"R6-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12852","article-title":"The impact of urinary incontinence on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a real-world population of women aged 45-60 years: Results from a survey in France, Germany, the UK and the USA","volume":"115","author":"Abrams","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"R7-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434070-00004","article-title":"Urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, exercise and sport","volume":"34","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"R8-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20968","article-title":"Incontinence improves in older women after intensive pelvic floor muscle training: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Sherburn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"R9-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2219-3","article-title":"Dutch guidelines for physiotherapy in patients with stress urinary incontinence: an update","volume":"25","author":"Bernards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R10-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.3.269","article-title":"Evaluation of female pelvic-floor muscle function and strength","volume":"85","author":"B\u00f8","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"R11-20230824","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22292","article-title":"Does it work in the long term? 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