{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T19:52:49Z","timestamp":1768679569352,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/32201\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CTA-AMB\/32201\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146159\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146159\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI \u2013 01\u20130145 \u2013 FEDER \u2013 032201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI \u2013 01\u20130145 \u2013 FEDER \u2013 032201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Urban Climate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T13:36:55Z","timestamp":1701956215000},"page":"101780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Local mortality and costs from ship-related emissions in three major Portuguese ports"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Rafael A.O.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria C.M.","family":"Alvim-Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando G.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia I.V.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0005","author":"Ag\u00eancia Portuguesa do Ambiente"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-1895-2016","article-title":"Contribution of ship emissions to the concentration and deposition of air pollutants in Europe","volume":"16","author":"Aksoyoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2016.09.064","article-title":"Costs and benefits of low-Sulphur fuel standard for Baltic Sea shipping","volume":"184","author":"Antturi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0020","author":"APA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0025","author":"APP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16111954","article-title":"Impact on Population Health of Baltic Shipping Emissions","author":"Barregard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7747","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-7747-2013","article-title":"Assessment of past, present and future health-cost externalities of air pollution in Europe and the contribution from international ship traffic using the EVA model system","volume":"13","author":"Brandt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0040","series-title":"Second IMO GHG Study2009","author":"Buhaug","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2015.08.010","article-title":"Health externalities of ship air pollution at port - Piraeus port case study","volume":"40","author":"Chatzinikolaou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2011.030","article-title":"High-resolution pollutant transport in the San Pedro Bay of California","volume":"2","author":"Cohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0055","series-title":"Handbook on the External Costs of Transport","author":"Commision","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005030","article-title":"Considering alternative input parameters in an activity-based ship fuel consumption and emissions model: Reply to comment by \u00d8yvind Endresen et al. on \u201cUpdated emissions from ocean shipping\u201d","volume":"109","author":"Corbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2010.12.006","article-title":"Economic valuation of air pollution mortality: a 9-country contingent valuation survey of value of a life year (VOLY)","volume":"11","author":"Desaigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9101719","article-title":"Impact of air pollution on global burden of disease in 2019","volume":"9","author":"Dhimal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0075","author":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral do Territ\u00f3rio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0080","series-title":"Proposal to Designate an Emission Control Area for Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Oxides and Particulate Matter: Technical Support Document (EPA-420-R-09-007). Quality","author":"EPA US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0085","series-title":"Air Pollution and Ship Emissions","article-title":"Proposal to designate on emission control area for nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and particulate matter","author":"EPA US Environmental Protection Agency","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0090","author":"ESS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.04.059","article-title":"Transport impacts on atmosphere and climate: shipping","volume":"44","author":"Eyring","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2005.02.012","article-title":"International trade and air pollution: estimating the economic costs of air emissions from waterborne commerce vessels in the United States","volume":"77","author":"Gallagher","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.09.024","article-title":"The role of sea ports in end-to-end maritime transport chain emissions","volume":"64","author":"Gibbs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2009.10.002","article-title":"Assessment of CO2 and priority pollutant reduction by installation of shoreside power","volume":"54","author":"Hall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-015-0690-y","article-title":"Quantifying the health impacts of ambient air pollutants: recommendations of a WHO\/Europe project","author":"H\u00e9roux","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0120","series-title":"Implementation of the HRAPIE Recommendations for European Air Pollution CBA Work","author":"Holland","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0125","author":"IMO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0130","author":"IMO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0135","first-page":"53","article-title":"Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020","author":"IMO","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Marit. Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2017.09.004","article-title":"A web-based screening tool for near-port air quality assessments","volume":"98","author":"Isakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Model Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.08.042","article-title":"Global assessment of shipping emissions in 2015 on a high spatial and temporal resolution","author":"Johansson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-783-2015","article-title":"Model calculations of the effects of present and future emissions of air pollutants from shipping in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea","author":"Jonson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8681","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-8681-2017","article-title":"Global anthropogenic emissions of particulate matter including black carbon","volume":"17","author":"Klimont","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2018.03.030","article-title":"Influence of ship emissions on NOx, SO2, O3 and PM concentrations in a North-Sea harbor in France","volume":"71","author":"Ledoux","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2022.112869","article-title":"Norwegian ship-owners\u2019 adoption of alternative fuels","volume":"163","author":"M\u00e4kitie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.05.024","article-title":"Influence of in-port ships emissions to gaseous atmospheric pollutants and to particulate matter of different sizes in a Mediterranean harbour in Italy","volume":"139","author":"Merico","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.07.011","article-title":"How important are maritime emissions for the air quality: at European and national scale","volume":"242","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0180","series-title":"The Ocean Conference","article-title":"Factsheet: people and oceans","author":"Nations","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.08.112","article-title":"Assessment of shipping emissions on four ports of Portugal","volume":"231","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2495\/AIR190211","article-title":"Health and economic impacts of ozone ship-related air pollution in Portugal","volume":"236","author":"Nunes","year":"2019","journal-title":"WIT Trans. Ecol. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.01.039","article-title":"Environmental and social valuation of shipping emissions on four ports of Portugal","volume":"235","author":"Nunes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0200","article-title":"Shipping emissions in the Iberian Peninsula and its impacts on air quality","volume":"1\u201328","author":"Nunes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0205","series-title":"Air Pollution XXIX","first-page":"223","article-title":"Health impacts of PM2.5 and NO2 ship-related air pollution in Matosinhos municipality, Portugal","author":"Nunes","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106763","article-title":"Estimating the health and economic burden of shipping related air pollution in the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"156","author":"Nunes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0215","article-title":"Urban population exposure to NOx emissions from local shipping in three Baltic Sea harbour cities - a generic approach","volume":"19","author":"Otto Paul Ramacher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0220","series-title":"Appendix B2 Air Dispersion Modeling","author":"Port of Los Angeles","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.03.055","article-title":"Air pollution from ships in three Danish ports","volume":"38","author":"Saxe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2019.05.015","article-title":"Natural gas as a ship fuel: assessment of greenhouse gas and air pollutant reduction potential","volume":"131","author":"Sharafian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0235","series-title":"Third IMO GHG Study 2014","author":"Smith","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02774-9","article-title":"Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs","volume":"9","author":"Sofiev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111807","article-title":"Potential of cold-ironing for the reduction of externalities from in-port shipping emissions: the state-owned Spanish port system case","volume":"279","author":"Spengler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.116425","article-title":"The CO2 reduction potential of shore-side electricity in Europe","volume":"285","author":"Stolz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0255","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area -- Part I: 2012 emissions","volume":"2020","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"External costs from vessel emissions at port: a review of the methodological and empirical state of the art","volume":"0","author":"Tichavska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transplant. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0265","series-title":"Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis","article-title":"User\u2019s guide for the AMS\/EPA regulatory model (AERMOD)","author":"US EPA","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0270","series-title":"How Mobile Source Pollution Affects Your Health","author":"USEPA","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105670","article-title":"Estimated health impacts from maritime transport in the Mediterranean region and benefits from the use of cleaner fuels","author":"Viana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.12.008","article-title":"Estimating GHG emissions of marine ports-the case of Barcelona","volume":"39","author":"Villalba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0285","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0290","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0295","author":"WHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2015.07.013","article-title":"Shore side Electricity in Europe: potential and environmental benefits","volume":"88","author":"Winkel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780_bb0305","series-title":"Cost-Benefit Analysis of NOX Control for Ships in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea","author":"Yaramenka","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Urban Climate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212095523003747?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212095523003747?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T20:05:43Z","timestamp":1761941143000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212095523003747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S2212095523003747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-0955"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-0955","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Local mortality and costs from ship-related emissions in three major Portuguese ports","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Urban Climate","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101780","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101780"}}