{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T03:30:28Z","timestamp":1772595028563,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RYC-2017-21545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC-2017-21545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T22:56:26Z","timestamp":1680735386000},"page":"109930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Urinary cystatin C and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as early biomarkers for renal disease in dogs with leishmaniosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"318","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ignacio","family":"Crist\u00f3bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paloma","family":"Nicol\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eva Mar\u00eda","family":"P\u00e9rez-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Mac\u00edas-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Barrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb01605.x","article-title":"Evaluation of cystatin C as an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate in dogs","volume":"16","author":"Almy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001","article-title":"Canine leishmaniosis \u2013 new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part one","volume":"24","author":"Baneth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.11.007","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum kinetoplast minicircle DNA by Real Time PCR in hair of dogs with leishmaniosis","volume":"192","author":"Belinch\u00f3n-Lorenzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.2.297","article-title":"Indices of urine N-acetyl-\u03b2-D-glucosaminidase and \u03b3-glutamyl transpeptidase activities in clinically normal adult dogs","volume":"70","author":"Brunker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.40-6-677","article-title":"Histopathologic patterns of nephropathy in naturally acquired canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"40","author":"Costa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.11.013","article-title":"Kidney involvement in leishmaniasis\u2014a review","volume":"18","author":"da Silva Junior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00670","article-title":"Cytokines: key determinants of resistance or disease progression in visceral leishmaniasis: opportunities for novel diagnostics and immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Dayakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6032-2","article-title":"Biomarkers and renal arterial resistive index in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum","volume":"117","author":"de Oliveira Frazilio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.1620-1626","article-title":"Monitoring of serum and urinary biomarkers during treatment of canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"13","author":"Dias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04081-7","article-title":"Latest trends in Leishmania infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part I: mapped seroprevalence and sand fly distributions","volume":"13","author":"G\u00e1lvez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.01.002","article-title":"Urinary ferritin and cystatin C concentrations at different stages of kidney disease in leishmaniotic dogs","volume":"99","author":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12333","article-title":"Renal biomarkers in domestic species","volume":"45","author":"Hokamp","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.01.012","article-title":"Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as a marker of tubular proteinuria in dogs with canine leishmaniasis, using sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) electrophoresis as a reference method","volume":"210","author":"Ibba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib14","unstructured":"International Renal Interest Society staging of CKD, n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.19-0289","article-title":"Evaluation of monitoring methods in asymptomatic dogs with high serum cystatin C concentrations","volume":"81","author":"Iwasa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.58.2010.1.6","article-title":"Cystatin C analysis in the dog: a comparison of turbidimetric and nephelometric assay results","volume":"58","author":"Jonkisz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Hung."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.04.072","article-title":"Megalin-mediated endocytosis of cystatin C in proximal tubule cells","volume":"357","author":"Kaseda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0125","article-title":"Biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in dogs: a comparison study","volume":"82","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2021.100580","article-title":"Cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as early biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in dogs","volume":"45","author":"Ko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3738\/21751463.2137","article-title":"Haematological profile of seropositive dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) for Leishmania Spp Serveds at the the veterinary hospital of Uberaba \u2013 MG","volume":"9","author":"Lacerda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucl. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15293","article-title":"Variability of serum concentrations of cystatin C and urinary retinol-binding protein, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, immunoglobulin G, and C-reactive protein in dogs","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib22","first-page":"1319","article-title":"A plasma calcium-phosphorus product can be used to predict the lifespan of dogs with chronic kidney disease","volume":"60","author":"Lucero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15659","article-title":"Relationship between serum iohexol clearance, serum SDMA concentration, and serum creatinine concentration in non\u2010azotemic dogs","volume":"34","author":"McKenna","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.10.011","article-title":"Clinicopathological findings in sick dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum: comparison of five different clinical classification systems","volume":"117","author":"Mel\u00e9ndez-Lazo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0201","article-title":"Serum cystatin C concentration can be used to evaluate glomerular filtration rate in small dogs","volume":"82","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.1169","article-title":"Evaluation of the measurement of serum cystatin C by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for humans as a marker of the glomerular filtration rate in dogs","volume":"71","author":"Miyagawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01198.x","article-title":"Initial evaluation of canine urinary cystatin C as a marker of renal tubular function","volume":"53","author":"Monti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14820","article-title":"Effects of oral prednisone administration on serum cystatin C in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12835","article-title":"Symmetric dimethylarginine assay validation, stability, and evaluation as a marker for the early detection of chronic kidney disease in dogs","volume":"29","author":"Nabity","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00891.x","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers of renal disease in dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy","volume":"26","author":"Nabity","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12413","article-title":"Laboratory tests for diagnosing and monitoring canine leishmaniasis","volume":"45","author":"Paltrinieri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.05.014","article-title":"Use of urinary \u03b3-glutamyl transferase (GGT) to monitor the pattern of proteinuria in dogs with leishmaniasis treated with N-methylglucamine antimoniate","volume":"119","author":"Paltrinieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-0956-0","article-title":"Evaluation of various biomarkers for kidney monitoring during canine leishmaniosis treatment","volume":"13","author":"Pardo-Mar\u00edn","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121966","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is related with the proteinuria degree and the microscopic kidney findings in leishmania-infected dogs","volume":"8","author":"Peris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13237","article-title":"Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice","volume":"62","author":"Roura","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.361","article-title":"Clinical availability of urinary N-acetyl-\u03b2-D-glucosaminidase index in dogs with urinary diseases","volume":"64","author":"Sato","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2009.0426.x","article-title":"Urinary markers in healthy young and aged dogs and dogs with chronic kidney disease","volume":"24","author":"Smets","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.05.022","article-title":"Directions for the diagnosis, clinical staging, treatment and prevention of canine leishmaniosis","volume":"165","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-86","article-title":"LeishVet guidelines for the practical management of canine leishmaniosis","volume":"4","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.013","article-title":"Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA by fret-based real-time PCR in urine from dogs with natural clinical leishmaniosis","volume":"147","author":"Solano-Gallego","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519609088795","article-title":"Renal handling of radiolabelled human cystatin C in the rat","volume":"56","author":"Tenstad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1159\/000187863","article-title":"Competition between albumin and low-molecular-weight proteins for renal tubular uptake in experimental nephropathies","volume":"66","author":"Thielemans","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1566-1","article-title":"Increased cystatin C concentration in urine of nephrotic children","volume":"19","author":"Tkaczyk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.08.006","article-title":"Correlations between peripheral parasite load and common clinical and laboratory alterations in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"132","author":"Torrecilha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3762651","article-title":"Defining an optimal cut-point value in roc analysis: an alternative approach","volume":"2017","author":"Unal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Math. Methods Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5326\/0440131","article-title":"Utility of serum cystatin c as a clinical measure of renal function in dogs","volume":"44","author":"Wehner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.558","article-title":"Glomerular lesions in dogs infected with Leishmania organisms","volume":"64","author":"Zatelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401723000614?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0304401723000614?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T01:38:19Z","timestamp":1759628299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0304401723000614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0304401723000614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930","relation":{},"ISSN":["0304-4017"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0304-4017","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Urinary cystatin C and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as early biomarkers for renal disease in dogs with leishmaniosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2023.109930","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109930"}}