{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T11:47:41Z","timestamp":1768736861481,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier","isbn-type":[{"value":"9780123742780","type":"print"}],"license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0076-6879(07)37002-x","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,21]],"date-time":"2008-04-21T11:39:25Z","timestamp":1208777965000},"page":"21-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Biochemical, Spectroscopic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Flavodiiron Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.","family":"Vicente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marta C.","family":"Justino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vera L.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L\u00edgia M.","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00003-4","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of diplomonad genes reveal frequent lateral gene transfers affecting eukaryotes","volume":"13","author":"Andersson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_rf0010","series-title":"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology","author":"Ausubel","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28039","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605174200","article-title":"Maintenance of nitric oxide and redox homeostasis by the Salmonella flavohemoglobin hmp","volume":"281","author":"Bang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1993.tb18162.x","article-title":"Purification and characterization of an NADH\u2010rubredoxin oxidoreductase involved in the utilization of oxygen by Desulfovibrio gigas","volume":"216","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1595","article-title":"Rubredoxin oxidase, a new flavo\u2010hemo\u2010protein, is the site of oxygen reduction to water by the \u201cstrict anaerobe\u201dDesulfovibrio gigas","volume":"193","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512312200","article-title":"A reassessment of the FNR regulon and transcriptomic analysis of the effects of nitrate, nitrite, NarXL, and NarQP as Escherichia coli K12 adapts from aerobic to anaerobic growth","volume":"281","author":"Constantinidou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(02)01186-2","article-title":"Regulation of the flavorubredoxin nitric oxide reductase gene in Escherichia coli: Nitrate repression, nitrite induction, and possible post\u2010transcription control","volume":"218","author":"da Costa","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03313.x","article-title":"Unravelling the biology of macrophage infection by gene expression profiling of intracellular Salmonella enterica","volume":"47","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/10.1.21","article-title":"A simple serum iron method using the new sensitive chromogen tripyridyl\u2010s\u2010triazine","volume":"10","author":"Fischer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10065","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410393200","article-title":"Transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli to S\u2010nitrosoglutathione under defined chemostat conditions reveal major changes in methionine biosynthesis","volume":"280","author":"Flatley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/80961","article-title":"Structure of a dioxygen reduction enzyme from Desulfovibrio gigas","volume":"7","author":"Frazao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8166","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110470200","article-title":"Flavohemoglobin detoxifies nitric oxide in aerobic, but not anaerobic, Escherichia coli: Evidence for a novel inducible anaerobic nitric oxide\u2010scavenging activity","volume":"277","author":"Gardner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10081","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212462200","article-title":"Regulation of the nitric oxide reduction operon (norRVW) in Escherichia coli: Role of NorR and sigma54 in the nitric oxide stress response","volume":"278","author":"Gardner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110471200","article-title":"Flavorubredoxin, an inducible catalyst for nitric oxide reduction and detoxification in Escherichia coli","volume":"277","author":"Gardner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)82035-Z","article-title":"One\u2010dimensional gel electrophoresis","volume":"182","author":"Garfin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0016","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","article-title":"Flavin coenzymes","author":"Ghisla","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25273","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203886200","article-title":"A novel type of nitric\u2010oxide reductase: Escherichia coli flavorubredoxin","volume":"277","author":"Gomes","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22502","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.36.22502","article-title":"Studies on the redox centers of the terminal oxidase from Desulfovibrio gigas and evidence for its interaction with rubredoxin","volume":"272","author":"Gomes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16230","DOI":"10.1021\/bi001844y","article-title":"Spectroscopic studies and characterization of a novel electron\u2010transfer chain from Escherichia coli involving a flavorubredoxin and its flavoprotein reductase partner","volume":"39","author":"Gomes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_rf0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.02.039","article-title":"Flavohemoglobin requires microaerophylic conditions for nitrosative protection of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"580","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3152","article-title":"Comparisons of wild\u2010type and mutant flavodoxins from Anacystis nidulans: Structural determinants of the redox potentials","volume":"294","author":"Hoover","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4640","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.16.4640-4643.2002","article-title":"The NorR protein of Escherichia coli activates expression of the flavorubredoxin gene norV in response to reactive nitrogen species","volume":"184","author":"Hutchings","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01056.x","article-title":"Characterization of a nif\u2010regulated flavoprotein (FprA) from Rhodobacter capsulatus: Redox properties and molecular interaction with a [2Fe\u20102S] ferredoxin","volume":"267","author":"Jouanneau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00179.x","article-title":"Escherichia coli YtfE is a di\u2010iron protein with an important function in assembly of iron\u2010sulphur clusters","volume":"257","author":"Justino","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10352","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610656200","article-title":"Escherichia coli di\u2010iron YtfE protein is necessary for the repair of stress damaged iron\u2010sulfur clusters","volume":"282","author":"Justino","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.008","article-title":"Binding of NorR to three DNA sites is essential for promoter activation of the flavorubredoxin gene, the nitric oxide reductase of Escherichia coli","volume":"328","author":"Justino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411070200","article-title":"New genes implicated in the protection of anaerobically grown Escherichia coli against nitric oxide","volume":"280","author":"Justino","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15322","DOI":"10.1021\/bi001519a","article-title":"Conformational energetics of a reverse turn in the Clostridium beijerinckii flavodoxin is directly coupled to the modulation of its oxidation\u2010reduction potentials","volume":"39","author":"Kasim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307741100","article-title":"Prominent roles of the NorR and Fur regulators in the Escherichia coli transcriptional response to reactive nitrogen species","volume":"101","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.0628d.x","article-title":"Characterization of a 45\u2010kDa flavoprotein and evidence for a rubredoxin, two proteins that could participate in electron transport from H2 to CO2 in methanogenesis in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum","volume":"231","author":"Nolling","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8405","DOI":"10.1021\/bi973193k","article-title":"Modulation of the redox potentials of FMN in Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin: Thermodynamic properties and crystal structures of glycine\u201061mutants","volume":"37","author":"O'Farrell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(90)90519-5","article-title":"Redox and spectral properties of flavodoxin from Anabaena 7120","volume":"280","author":"Paulsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0330176","article-title":"Nitric oxide and nitrosative stress tolerance in bacteria","volume":"33","author":"Poole","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5487","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.18.5487-5492.1996","article-title":"Nitric oxide, nitrite, and Fnr regulation of hmp (flavohemoglobin) gene expression in Escherichia coli K\u201012","volume":"178","author":"Poole","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01354-06","article-title":"Nitric oxide in chemostat\u2010cultured Escherichia coli is sensed by Fnr and other global regulators: Unaltered methionine biosynthesis indicates lack of S nitrosation","volume":"189","author":"Pullan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.8.2745-2751.2006","article-title":"Desulfovibrio gigas flavodiiron protein affords protection against nitrosative stress in vivo","volume":"188","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_rf0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2911(04)49002-X","article-title":"The role of the flavodiiron proteins in microbial nitric oxide detoxification","volume":"49","author":"Saraiva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Microb. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040773","article-title":"Zinc\u2010 and iron\u2010dependent cytosolic metallo\u2010beta\u2010lactamase domain proteins exhibit similar zinc\u2010binding affinities, independent of an atypical glutamate at the metal\u2010binding site","volume":"385","author":"Schilling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-004-0675-3","article-title":"F420H2 oxidase (FprA) from Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus, a coenzyme F420\u2010dependent enzyme involved in O2 detoxification","volume":"182","author":"Seedorf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2007.05706.x","article-title":"Structure of coenzyme F420H2 oxidase (FprA), a di\u2010iron flavoprotein from methanogenic Archaea catalyzing the reduction of O2 to H2O","volume":"274","author":"Seedorf","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1021\/bi027253k","article-title":"A flavodiiron protein and high molecular weight rubredoxin from Moorella thermoacetica with nitric oxide reductase activity","volume":"42","author":"Silaghi\u2010Dumitrescu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6492","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0473049","article-title":"X\u2010ray crystal structures of Moorella thermoacetica FprA: Novel diiron site structure and mechanistic insights into a scavenging nitric oxide reductase","volume":"44","author":"Silaghi\u2010Dumitrescu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0043","series-title":"Handbook of Biochemistry: Selected Data for Molecular Biology","author":"Sober","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9900275","article-title":"Geometric and electronic structure\/function correlations in non\u2010heme iron enzymes","volume":"100","author":"Solomon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4399-4405.2002","article-title":"Flavohemoglobin Hmp protects Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from nitric oxide\u2010related killing by human macrophages","volume":"70","author":"Stevanin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36879-6","article-title":"Riboflavin 3\u2032\u2010 and 5\u2032\u2010sulfate, two novel flavins accumulating in the roots of iron\u2010deficient sugar beet (Beta vulgaris)","volume":"268","author":"Susin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0047","article-title":"Structural studies on flavodiiron proteins","volume":"437","author":"Vicente","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00434-5","article-title":"Module fusion in an A\u2010type flavoprotein from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis condenses a multiple\u2010component pathway in a single polypeptide chain","volume":"294","author":"Vicente","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0049","article-title":"Kinetic characterization of the Escherichia coli nitric oxide reductase flavorubredoxin","volume":"437","author":"Vicente","year":"2007","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2006.05612.x","article-title":"Kinetics of electron transfer from NADH to the Escherichia coli nitric oxide reductase flavorubredoxin","volume":"274","author":"Vicente","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34599","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506349200","article-title":"Redox and spetroscopic properties of the Escherichia coli nitric oxide\u2010detoxifying system involving flavorubredoxin and its NADH\u2010oxidizing redox partner","volume":"280","author":"Vicente","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0052","first-page":"5","article-title":"The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay for protein quantitation","volume":"32","author":"Walker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.9.2436-2441.1995","article-title":"Purification and structural characterization of a flavoprotein induced by iron limitation in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg","volume":"177","author":"Wasserfallen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(07)37002-X_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.1998.2540325.x","article-title":"A family of flavoproteins in the domains Archaea and Bacteria","volume":"254","author":"Wasserfallen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Methods in Enzymology","Globins and Other Nitric Oxide-Reactive Proteins, Part B"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S007668790737002X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S007668790737002X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T16:22:42Z","timestamp":1631118162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S007668790737002X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"ISBN":["9780123742780"],"references-count":54,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0076-6879(07)37002-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0076-6879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0076-6879","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}