{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T01:31:28Z","timestamp":1776303088337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]],"date-time":"1996-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":836179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,7,1]],"date-time":"1996-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":836179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Dental Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0109-5641(96)80033-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,22]],"date-time":"2003-07-22T16:46:14Z","timestamp":1058892374000},"page":"262-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Morphological field emission-SEM study of the effect of six phosphoric acid etching agents on human dentin"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Perdig\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lambrechts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Van Meerbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00c2ngelo R.","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Vanherle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Augusto B.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Smear layer: Removal and bonding considerations","author":"Bowen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1969.tb00709.x","article-title":"Preparation of animal tissues for surface-scanning electron microscopy","volume":"90","author":"Boyde","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345550340060801","article-title":"A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Buonocore","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB4","first-page":"390","article-title":"Shrinkage of demineralized dentin during preparation for SEM","volume":"75","author":"Carvalho","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.8.76","article-title":"Effect of dentin cleansers on the bonding efficacy of dentin adhesive","volume":"8","author":"Chiba","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB6","first-page":"9","article-title":"Electron sources for electron microscopes","volume":"26","author":"Delong","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Microscopy & Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB7","first-page":"225","article-title":"Smear layer \u2014 Materials surface","volume":"88","author":"Eick","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB8","series-title":"State of the Art of Direct Posterior Filling Materials and Dentine Bonding","first-page":"49","article-title":"Dentine bonding systems","author":"Eliades","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345790580041101","article-title":"Non-pressure adhesion of a new adhesive restorative resin","volume":"58","author":"Fusayama","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB10","first-page":"19","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis \u2014 A text for biologists, material scientists, and geologists","author":"Goldstein","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB11","first-page":"146","article-title":"The effects of varied etching time and etching solution viscosity on bond strength and enamel morphology","volume":"19","author":"Guba","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(67)90195-1","article-title":"A study of enamel adhesives. The physical relationship between enamel and adhesive","volume":"12","author":"Gwinnett","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.13.66","article-title":"Influence of primers containing cupric ion on bonding of dentin treated with phosphoric acid","volume":"13","author":"Imai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB14","first-page":"8","article-title":"Interfacial structure between dentin and seven dentin bonding systems revealed using argon ion beam etching","volume":"18","author":"Inokoshi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.8.164","article-title":"Permeability of etching agent constituents through dentin","volume":"8","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8240.1991.tb00812.x","article-title":"Principles and mechanisms of bonding with dentin adhesive materials","volume":"3","author":"Kubo","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Esthet Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820291109","article-title":"Atomic force microscopy of conditioning agents on dentin","volume":"29","author":"Marshall","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345820610081001","article-title":"Biological assessments of experimental cavity cleansers: Correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"61","author":"Mj\u00f6r","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB19","first-page":"125","article-title":"Adhesive bonding with 4-META","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820160307","article-title":"The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates","volume":"16","author":"Nakabayashi","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1991.tb00073.x","article-title":"Effects of phosphoric acid and tannic acid on dentine collagen","volume":"18","author":"Okamoto","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB22","first-page":"229","article-title":"The effects of acid-etching on the pulpodentin complex","volume":"17","author":"Pashley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(88)90188-4","article-title":"Scanning electron microscopy of the substructure of smear layers in human dentine","volume":"33","author":"Pashley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 5","key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB24","first-page":"137","article-title":"Interactions of conditioners on the dentin surface","author":"Pashley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB25","first-page":"618","article-title":"Permeability of dentin to adhesive agents","volume":"24","author":"Pashley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB26","first-page":"327","article-title":"Silica contamination of etched dentin and enamel surfaces: A scanning electron microscopic and bond strength study","volume":"25","author":"Perdig\u00e3o","year":"1994","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB27","first-page":"916","article-title":"A morphological Field Emission SEM study of acid-etched dentin","volume":"74","author":"Perdig\u00e3o","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB28","first-page":"149","article-title":"Adhesion of a total-etch phosphate ester bonding agent","volume":"7","author":"Perdig\u00e3o","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820290911","article-title":"A field emission SEM comparison of four postfixation drying techniques for human dentin","volume":"29","author":"Perdig\u00e3o","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0109-5641(92)90090-Y","article-title":"Dentin thickness, hardness and Ca-concentration vs. bond strength of dentin adhesives","volume":"8","author":"Perinka","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907053010104","article-title":"The biosynthesis of collagen and its disorders (first of two parts)","volume":"301","author":"Prockop","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(75)90205-5","article-title":"The use of 50 per cent phosphoric acid as an etching agent in orthodontics: A rational approach","volume":"68","author":"Retief","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Orthodont"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345910700060101","article-title":"Adhesion to bovine dentin \u2014 Surface characterization","volume":"70","author":"Ruse","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB34","first-page":"59","article-title":"Microporous dentin zone beneath resin-impregnated layer","volume":"19","author":"Sano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB35","first-page":"18","article-title":"Nanoleakage: Leakage within the hybrid layer","volume":"20","author":"Sano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/03008207409152259","article-title":"The degradation of human collagen by trypsin","volume":"2","author":"Scott","year":"1974","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(68)90090-3","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes in human dentine exposed to a weak acid","volume":"13","author":"Selvig","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB38","first-page":"162","article-title":"Shear bond strengths of new enamel etchants","volume":"6","author":"Swift","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB39","first-page":"302","article-title":"Effect of etching time on enamel bond strengths","volume":"6","author":"Triolo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345920710081301","article-title":"Morphological aspects of the resin-dentin inter-diffusion zone with different dentin adhesive systems","volume":"71","author":"Van Meerbeek","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720020501","article-title":"Comparative SEM and TEM examination of the ultrastructure of the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone","volume":"72","author":"Van Meerbeek","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720101201","article-title":"Chemical characterization of the resin-dentin interface by micro-Raman spectroscopy","volume":"72","author":"Van Meerbeek","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.1988.tb00949.x","article-title":"Diffusion of hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion from various sources through dentine","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int Endodont J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0109-5641(91)90029-X","article-title":"Photocure bonding agent containing phosphoric methacrylate","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB45","first-page":"119","article-title":"Acid-base Cements. Their Biomedical and Industrial Applications","author":"Wilson","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0109-5641(89)90003-1","article-title":"Parameters affecting in vitro bond strength of composites to enamel and dentin","volume":"5","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Dent Mater"}],"container-title":["Dental Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0109564196800339?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0109564196800339?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T22:46:02Z","timestamp":1758840362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0109564196800339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0109564196800339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0109-5641(96)80033-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0109-5641"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0109-5641","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphological field emission-SEM study of the effect of six phosphoric acid etching agents on human dentin","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Dental Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0109-5641(96)80033-9","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1996 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}