{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T17:24:47Z","timestamp":1776792287275,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10184","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,7]],"date-time":"2019-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["grants number 287488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grants number 287488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["number 319200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["number 319200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01EA1411A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EA1411A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30041-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T23:09:56Z","timestamp":1554332996000},"page":"1958-1972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4383,"title":["Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"393","author":[{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Afshin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patrick John","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kairsten A.","family":"Fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Cornaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giannina","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph S","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erin C","family":"Mullany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kalkidan Hassen","family":"Abate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Abbafati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zegeye","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Afarideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Akinyemiju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fares","family":"Alahdab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Umar","family":"Bacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victoria F","family":"Bachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Badali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabela M","family":"Bensenor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bernabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sibhatu Kassa K","family":"Biadgilign","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stan H","family":"Biryukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leah E","family":"Cahill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan J","family":"Carrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Cercy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lalit","family":"Dandona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Dandona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anh Kim","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meaza Girma","family":"Degefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maysaa","family":"El Sayed Zaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Esteghamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Esteghamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla Sofia e S\u00e1","family":"Farinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maryam S","family":"Farvid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Farzadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valery L.","family":"Feigin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joao C","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luisa Sorio","family":"Flor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nataliya A.","family":"Foigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad H","family":"Forouzanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Morsaleh","family":"Ganji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Geleijnse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard F","family":"Gillum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandra C","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Idris","family":"Guessous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Hamidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Graeme J.","family":"Hankey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sivadasanpillai","family":"Harikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hamid Yimam","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon I.","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chi Linh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Horino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nayu","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Islami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria D.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Spencer L.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jost B.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Kasaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yousef Saleh","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ibrahim A.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Young-Ho","family":"Khang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ruth W","family":"Kimokoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Kokubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G Anil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tea","family":"Lallukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alan D","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lorkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Lotufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"M\u00e4rz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toni","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yohannes A","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gert B.M.","family":"Mensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Micha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ted R","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mojde","family":"Mirarefin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Viswanathan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali H","family":"Mokdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dariush","family":"Mozaffarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Nagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cuong Tat","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Molly R","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kanyin L","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Qorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rajesh Kumar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Razo-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Colin D","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan A","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Roshandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gregory A","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sanabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tania G","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Pimienta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benn","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Schmidhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aletta Elisabeth","family":"Schutte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sadaf G.","family":"Sepanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Min-Jeong","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reed J.D.","family":"Sorensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Springmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucjan","family":"Szponar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew L","family":"Thorne-Lyman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanda G","family":"Thrift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Touvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bach Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Tyrovolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kingsley Nnanna","family":"Ukwaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olalekan A","family":"Uthman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Vaezghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tommi Juhani","family":"Vasankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stein Emil","family":"Vollset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giang Thu","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linh Gia","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Weiderpass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Werdecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tissa","family":"Wijeratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter C","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jason H","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gelin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Yonemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chuanhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher J L","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031811-124646","article-title":"Current evidence on healthy eating","volume":"34","author":"Willett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib2","author":"Norat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0175149","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175149","article-title":"Etiologic effects and optimal intakes of foods and nutrients for risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: systematic reviews and meta-analyses from the Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE)","volume":"12","author":"Micha","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.147","article-title":"Estimating the global and regional burden of suboptimal nutrition on chronic disease: methods and inputs to the analysis","volume":"66","author":"Micha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.526838","article-title":"Overview of the epidemiology methods and applications: strengths and limitations of observational study designs","volume":"50","author":"Colditz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2003592","article-title":"The joint WHO\/FAO expert consultation on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: process, product and policy implications","volume":"7","author":"Nishida","year":"2004","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703","article-title":"Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond","volume":"121","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib9","series-title":"U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010","author":"McGuire","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00128-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"386","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31679-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32366-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1304127","article-title":"Global sodium consumption and death from cardiovascular causes","volume":"371","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010636","article-title":"Estimated global, regional, and national disease burdens related to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in 2010","volume":"132","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0124845","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124845","article-title":"Global, regional, and national consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juices, and milk: a systematic assessment of beverage intake in 187 countries","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008705","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008705","article-title":"Global, regional and national consumption of major food groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys worldwide","volume":"5","author":"Micha","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g2272","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g2272","article-title":"Global, regional, and national consumption levels of dietary fats and oils in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis including 266 country-specific nutrition surveys","volume":"348","author":"Micha","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib19","article-title":"Impact of nonoptimal intakes of saturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fat on global burdens of coronary heart disease","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e353","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30170-0","article-title":"The Global Nutrient Database: availability of macronutrients and micronutrients in 195 countries from 1980 to 2013","volume":"2","author":"Schmidhuber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32366-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Gakidou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65174","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065174","article-title":"The age-specific quantitative effects of metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular diseases and diabetes: a pooled analysis","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30467-6","article-title":"Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies","volume":"388","author":"Mente","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv184","article-title":"Why do we think we know what we know? A metaknowledge analysis of the salt controversy","volume":"45","author":"Trinquart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib26","first-page":"392","article-title":"Prevalence and years lived with disability of 310 diseases and injuries in Iran and its neighboring countries, 1990\u20132015: findings from Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"20","author":"Djalalinia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib28","series-title":"2008\u20132013 action plan for the global strategy for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases: prevent and control cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-015-0658-9","article-title":"CVD prevention through policy: a review of mass media, food\/menu labeling, taxation\/subsidies, built environment, school procurement, worksite wellness, and marketing standards to improve diet","volume":"17","author":"Afshin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318260a20b","article-title":"Population approaches to improve diet, physical activity, and smoking habits: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"126","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib31","series-title":"Interventions on diet and physical activity: what works. Summary report","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161133","article-title":"The role of cost-effectiveness analysis in developing nutrition policy","volume":"33","author":"Cobiac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907355","article-title":"Projected effect of dietary salt reductions on future cardiovascular disease","volume":"362","author":"Bibbins-Domingo","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-00212","article-title":"Population strategies to decrease sodium intake and the burden of cardiovascular disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"152","author":"Smith-Spangler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdr075","article-title":"The cost-effectiveness of public health interventions","volume":"34","author":"Owen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001465","article-title":"Diet and physical activity for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic policy review","volume":"10","author":"Lachat","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.111468","article-title":"The effectiveness of policies for reducing dietary trans fat: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"91","author":"Downs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.07.050","article-title":"Food consumption and its impact on cardiovascular disease: importance of solutions focused on the globalized food system: a report from the workshop convened by the World Heart Federation","volume":"66","author":"Anand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib39","series-title":"The handbook of global health policy","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13959","article-title":"Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health","volume":"515","author":"Tilman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3945\/an.114.005694","article-title":"What current literature tells us about sustainable diets: emerging research linking dietary patterns, environmental sustainability, and economics","volume":"6","author":"Auestad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12632","DOI":"10.1021\/es4025113","article-title":"Toward a life cycle-based, diet-level framework for food environmental impact and nutritional quality assessment: a critical review","volume":"47","author":"Heller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.071522","article-title":"Sustainability of plant-based diets: back to the future","volume":"100","author":"Sabat\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2000281","article-title":"The validity of self-reported energy intake as determined using the doubly labelled water technique","volume":"85","author":"Hill","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6114651","article-title":"Measuring population sodium intake: a review of methods","volume":"6","author":"McLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys105","article-title":"Review and evaluation of innovative technologies for measuring diet in nutritional epidemiology","volume":"41","author":"Illner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01342-8","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624665600000}}],"container-title":["The Lancet"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140673619300418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140673619300418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:13:41Z","timestamp":1758845621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0140673619300418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10184","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0140673619300418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(19)30041-8","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.735450328.793558526","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0140-6736"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-6736","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30500-8","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}