{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:32:35Z","timestamp":1775482355637,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-8278(01)00015-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,14]],"date-time":"2002-10-14T19:21:38Z","timestamp":1034623298000},"page":"402-408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Bilirubin-induced apoptosis in cultured rat neural cells is aggravated by chenodeoxycholic acid but prevented by ursodeoxycholic acid"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rui F.M.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cec\u0131\u0301lia M.P.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Brites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Neonatal jaundice and bilirubin encephalopathy: a clinical and experimental reappraisal","volume":"28","author":"Amit","year":"1992","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30577-3","article-title":"The neurotoxicity of bilirubin","volume":"2","author":"Cashore","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB3","first-page":"506","article-title":"Inhibition of brain respiration in vitro by bilirubin: reversal of inhibition by various means","volume":"504","author":"Day","year":"1954","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB4","first-page":"425","article-title":"Bilirubin encephalopathy: effect on RNA polymerase activity and chromatin template activity in the brain of Gunn rat","volume":"4","author":"Majumadar","year":"1974","journal-title":"Neurobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90727-2","article-title":"Impairment of DNA synthesis in Gunn rat cerebellum","volume":"126","author":"Yamada","year":"1977","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01976089","article-title":"Characteristic changes of cerebellar proteins associated with cerebellar hypoplasia in jaundice Gunn rat and the prevention of these by phototherapy","volume":"36","author":"Kashiwamata","year":"1980","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198509000-00007","article-title":"Bilirubin toxicity in neuronal cell lines N-115 and NBR-10A","volume":"19","author":"Schiff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90739-8","article-title":"Kernicterus: effect on choline acetyltransferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in the brain of Gunn rat","volume":"196","author":"Ohno","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198802000-00018","article-title":"Bilirubin decreases phosphorylation of synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle-associated neuronal phosphoprotein, in intact synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex","volume":"23","author":"Hansen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1646","article-title":"Inhibition of glutumate uptake by unconjugated bilirubin in cultured cortical rat astrocytes: role of concentration and pH","volume":"265","author":"Silva","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Comm"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB11","first-page":"17","article-title":"Bilirubin inhibition of protein kinase: its prevention by cyclic AMP","volume":"17","author":"Constantopoulos","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cytobios"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7123226","article-title":"Bilirubin-induced modulation of cerebral protein phosphorylation in neonate rabbits in vivo","volume":"218","author":"Morphis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198506000-00017","article-title":"Mode of inhibitory action of bilirubin on protein kinase C","volume":"19","author":"Sano","year":"1982","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62312-8","article-title":"Cell death: the significance of apoptosis","volume":"68","author":"Wyllie","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.13.7557017","article-title":"The biochemistry of programmed cell death","volume":"9","author":"Kroemer","year":"1995","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5381.1309","article-title":"Mitochondria and apoptosis","volume":"281","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401914","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid may inhibit deoxycholic acid-induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species production","volume":"4","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1325","article-title":"A novel role for ursodeoxycholic acid in inhibiting apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial membrane perturbation","volume":"101","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400560","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid prevents cytochrome c release in apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial membrane depolarization and channel formation","volume":"6","author":"Rodrigues","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03302.x","article-title":"Triiodothyronine is a high-affinity inhibitor of amino acid transport system L1 in cultured astrocytes","volume":"60","author":"Blondeau","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490350513","article-title":"Optimized survival of hippocampal neurones in B-27 supplemented Neurobasal\u2122. A new serum free medium combination","volume":"35","author":"Brewer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1290797","article-title":"The ready isomerization of bilirubin IX-\u03b1 in aqueous solution","volume":"129","author":"McDonagh","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840100307","article-title":"Reperfusion injury to endothelial cells following cold ischemic storage of rat livers","volume":"10","author":"Caldwell-Kenkel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5408","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes and in regressing liver by transforming growth factor \u03b21","volume":"89","author":"Oberhammer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(86)90246-3","article-title":"Differential sensitivity of neural cells to bilirubin toxicity","volume":"94","author":"Notter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(96)06285-7","article-title":"Alterations of erythrocyte morphology and lipid composition by hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"249","author":"Brito","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(96)06407-8","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin","volume":"256","author":"Chuniaud","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02088574","article-title":"Intracellular accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin inhibits phytohemaglutinin-induced proliferation and interleukin-2 production of human lymphocytes","volume":"41","author":"Haga","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00612.x","article-title":"Assessment of bilirubin toxicity to erythrocytes. Implication in neonatal jaundice management","volume":"30","author":"Brito","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1038\/1781335a0","article-title":"Bilirubin, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria","volume":"178","author":"Zetterstr\u00f6m","year":"1956","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198806000-00007","article-title":"The effects of bilirubin on brain energy metabolism during normoxia and hypoxia: an in vitro study using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"23","author":"Ives","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199111000-00015","article-title":"Bilirubin-induced changes in brain energy metabolism after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"30","author":"Wennberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1986.tb04510.x","article-title":"Effect of bilirubin on the membrane potential of rat brain synaptosomes","volume":"47","author":"Mayor","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113639","article-title":"Inhibition of glutathione efflux in the perfused rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by organic anions and bilirubin. Kinetics, sidedness, and molecular forms","volume":"82","author":"Ookhtens","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(93)90221-5","article-title":"Competitive inhibition of thyroid hormone uptake into cultured rat brain astrocytes by bilirubin and bilirubin conjugates","volume":"97","author":"Chantoux","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00712990","article-title":"Interactions of bilirubin with isolated presynaptic nerve terminals: functional effects on the uptake and release of neurotransmitters","volume":"13","author":"Ochoa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000243905","article-title":"In vitro binding of [3H] bilirubin to neurons in rat brain sections","volume":"63","author":"Danbolt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1006\/bmme.1996.2565","article-title":"Oxidation of bilirubin by rat brain mitochondrial membranes-dependence on cell type and postnatal age","volume":"60","author":"Hansen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/00365519709099407","article-title":"Effect of bilirubin on shape and haemolysis, under hypotonic, aggregating or non-aggregating conditions, and correlation with cell age","volume":"57","author":"Brites","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB40","article-title":"Aging confers different resistance to the rat mitochondrial membrane permeability transition induced by bilirubin","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3101(24)00052-5","article-title":"Bilirubin metabolism and kernicterus","volume":"44","author":"Gourley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11323.x","article-title":"Deposition of bilirubin acid in the central nervous system\u2013hypothesis for the development of kernicterus","volume":"79","author":"Brodersen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.4.612","article-title":"Kernicteric findings at autopsy in two sick near term infants","volume":"99","author":"Perlman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116546","article-title":"Glycochenodeoxycholate-induced lethal hepatocellular injury in rat hepatocytes. Role of ATP depletion and cytosolic free calcium","volume":"92","author":"Spivey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117579","article-title":"Increases of intracellular magnesium promote glycodeoxycholate-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes","volume":"94","author":"Patel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB46","first-page":"471","article-title":"Toxicity of bile acids on the electron transport chain of isolated rat liver mitochondria","volume":"19","author":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(71)80089-6","article-title":"Mechanism of cholestasis. 4. Structural and biochemical changes in the liver and serum in rats after bile duct ligation","volume":"60","author":"Schaffner","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150630","article-title":"Reduced activity of the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria isolated from rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis","volume":"15","author":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB49","first-page":"930","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholate (UDCA) inhibits the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition induced by glycochenodeoxycholate: a mechanism of UDCA cytoprotection","volume":"272","author":"Botla","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00015-0_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10852","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.16.10852","article-title":"Unconjugated bilirubin exhibits spontaneous diffusion through model lipid bilayers and native hepatocyte membranes","volume":"274","author":"Zucker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827801000150?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168827801000150?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T05:34:55Z","timestamp":1733376895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168827801000150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168827801000150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0168-8278(01)00015-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-8278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-8278","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]}}}