{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T11:12:57Z","timestamp":1720609977451},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0213-005x(08)76515-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T05:00:56Z","timestamp":1264482056000},"page":"11-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"S7","title":["Historia natural y manifestaciones cl\u00ednicas de la hepatitis B cr\u00f3nica"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Miguel Carneiro","family":"de Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures","volume":"11","author":"Lavanchy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21347","article-title":"Global challenges in liver disease","volume":"44","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712113372406","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"337","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.03037.x","article-title":"Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B : an update","volume":"18","author":"Liaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i10.1522","article-title":"Rising costs and hospital admissions for hepatocellular carcinoma in Portugal (1993-2005)","volume":"13","author":"Marinho","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.27834","article-title":"Hepatitis e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B","volume":"34","author":"Hadziyannis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.001","article-title":"HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B: from obscurity to prominence","volume":"45","author":"Manesis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe058309","article-title":"Hepatitis B-Preventable and now treatable","volume":"354","author":"Hoofnagle","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21513","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B","volume":"45","author":"Lock","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.4065\/82.8.967","article-title":"Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection: an update for clinicians","volume":"82","author":"Pungpapong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20956","article-title":"Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005","volume":"43","author":"Yim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20217","article-title":"Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatitis B in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03923.x","article-title":"Factors affecting the mortality of pediatric fulminant hepatic failure in relation to hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2004.12.225","article-title":"Liver transplantation in fulminant hepatic failure: experience with 40 adult patients over a 17-year period","volume":"37","author":"Montalti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21724","article-title":"Natural history and disease progression in Chinese chronic hepatitis B patients in immune-tolerant phase","volume":"46","author":"Hui","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080527","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen-positive chinese children","volume":"8","author":"Lok","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.3016-3027.2005","article-title":"Immune tolerance split between hepatitis B virus precore and core proteins","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02844-06","article-title":"Characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection","volume":"8","author":"Boni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90863-8","article-title":"Intrahepatic distribution of hepatitis B surface and core antigens in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatocyte with cytoplasmic\/membranous hepatitis B core antigen as a possible target for immune hepatocytolysis","volume":"92","author":"Chu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00006","article-title":"Serologic and clinical outcomes of 1536 Alaska Natives chronically infected with hepatitis B virus","volume":"135","author":"McMahon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90613-5","article-title":"Spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion and reversion in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"92","author":"Lok","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.3.416","article-title":"A large population study of spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B infection: implications for antiviral therapy","volume":"52","author":"Yuen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013215","article-title":"Hepatitis B e antigen and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"347","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(95)90411-5","article-title":"Occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensation in western European patients with cirrhosis type B. The EUROHEP Study Group on Hepatitis B Virus and Cirrhosis","volume":"21","author":"Fattovich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fattovich G, Olivari N, Pasino M, et al. Long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in caucasian patients: mortality after 25 years. Gut. 2007. En prensa.","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.128496"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.06.021","article-title":"Natural history of chronic HBV carriers in northern Italy: morbidity and mortality after 30 years","volume":"127","author":"Manno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130403","article-title":"Incidence, determinants and significance of delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Liaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90599-G","article-title":"Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy: report of a prospective study","volume":"100","author":"Lok","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21612","article-title":"HBsAg seroclearance in asymptomatic carriers of high endemic areas: appreciably high rates during a long-term follow-up","volume":"45","author":"Chu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90613-5","article-title":"Spontaneous hepatitis B eantigen to antibody seroconversion and reversion in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"92","author":"Lok","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20240","article-title":"HBsAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B in the Chinese: virological, histological, and clinical aspects","volume":"39","author":"Yuen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280130","article-title":"Sero-clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic carriers does not necessarily imply a good prognosis","volume":"28","author":"Huo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00266-5","article-title":"Outcome of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B in alpha-interferon treated and untreated patients: a long term cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Brunetto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hepatolo"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.03.007","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B in France: predominant frequency of HBe antigen negative cases","volume":"45","author":"Zarski","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.016","article-title":"Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease\/Cancer-In HBV (the REVEAL-HBV) Study Group","volume":"130","author":"Iloeje","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50036","article-title":"Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Sumi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11913-1","article-title":"Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. HIV-1, hepatitis B virus, and risk of liver-related mortality in the Multicenter Cohort Study (MACS)","volume":"360","author":"Thio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70135-4","article-title":"Clinical implications of HIV and hepatitis B co-infection in Asia and Africa","volume":"7","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033364","article-title":"Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease","volume":"351","author":"Liaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37058","article-title":"Entecavir is superior to lamivudine in reducing hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"123","author":"Lai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020681","article-title":"Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B","volume":"348","author":"Marcellin","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2000.02097.x","article-title":"Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults with emphasis on the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Chu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820215)49:4<672::AID-CNCR2820490415>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"The effect of chronic habitual alcohol intake on the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: relation to hepatitis B surface antigen carriage","volume":"49","author":"Ohnishi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.65","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level","volume":"295","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20128","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"39","author":"Van Zonneveld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00007","article-title":"Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States","volume":"137","author":"Ostapowicz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312163292503","article-title":"Liver transplantation in European patients with the hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"320","author":"Samuel","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib48","unstructured":"Carneiro de Moura M, Gameiro R, Matos L, et al. Chronic hepatitis B in Portugal: a retrospective study of patients attenting National Health System Hospitals. 2007 [en prensa]."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib49","series-title":"Diagnosis of liver diseases","first-page":"15","article-title":"Markers of progression","author":"Schupan","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010649403659","article-title":"Alfa interferon improves liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Clinical significance of the serum-N-terminal propeptide of Procollagen type III","volume":"46","author":"Serejo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.08.052","article-title":"Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis: a cohort study","volume":"127","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib52","first-page":"A760","article-title":"Serum apoptotic caspase activity as diagnostic marker in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"132","author":"Papatheodoridis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.11.018","article-title":"Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C","volume":"128","author":"Castera","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib54","first-page":"A761","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of transient elastography (Fibroscan\u00ae) in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in an Asian population with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"132","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00811.x","article-title":"Transient elastography : a new surrogate marker of liver fibrosis influenced by major changes of transaminases","volume":"14","author":"Coco","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib56","first-page":"A761","article-title":"Low viral load chronic hepatitis B and liver histology","volume":"132","author":"Akhtar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2004.02.003","article-title":"Extrahepatic manifestations of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41308.x","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus replication in damaged endothelial tissues of patients with extrahepatic disease","volume":"100","author":"Mason","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.05.029","article-title":"Hepatitis B genotypes and extrahepatic manifestations","volume":"43","author":"Cacoub","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2004.04.013","article-title":"Antiviral therapy: role in the management of extrahepatic diseases","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105233242103","article-title":"Membranous nephropathy related to hepatitis B virus in adults","volume":"324","author":"Lai","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90343-7","article-title":"Long term outcome of hepatitis B virus related glomerulonephritis after therapy with interferon alpha","volume":"109","author":"Conjeevaram","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000180792.80212.5e","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus related polyarteritis nodosa: clinical characteristics, outcome, and impact of treatment in 115 patients","volume":"84","author":"Guillevin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0295-0","article-title":"Successful treatment of hepatitis B-associated leukocytoclastic vasculitis with lamivudine tretament in a child patient","volume":"27","author":"Onay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00319-2","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B e antigen (HbeAg) negative, anti-HBe positive hepatitis B: an overview","volume":"39","author":"Bonino","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199912)59:4<415::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus core promoter mutations in children with multiple anti-HBe\/HBeAg reactivations result in enhanced promoter activity","volume":"59","author":"Gerner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(200003)60:3<249::AID-JMV1>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients undergoing chemotherapy for solid tumours: precore\/core mutations play an important role","volume":"60","author":"Steinberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.322","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus (HBVC) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosupressive therapy: pathogenesis and management","volume":"11","author":"Xunrong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Visvanathan K, Lewin DR. Immunopathogenesis: role of innate and adaptative immune responses. En: Locarnini S, editor. The control of chronic hepatitis B: the role for chemoprevention. Sem Liver Dis. 2006;26:104-15.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-939755"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22461","article-title":"Acute flares in chronic hepatitis B: the natural and unatural history of an immunologically mediated liver disease","volume":"120","author":"Perrillo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(00)80362-X","article-title":"Occult hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"32","author":"Raimondo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.09.026","article-title":"Early is superior to deferred preemptive lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B patients undergoing chemotherapy","volume":"125","author":"Lau","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0213-005X(08)76515-7_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2006.12.017","article-title":"Prophylaxis and treatment of hepatitis B in immunocompromised patients","volume":"39","author":"Marzano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"}],"container-title":["Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica"],"original-title":[],"language":"es","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0213005X08765157?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0213005X08765157?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,25]],"date-time":"2019-05-25T06:15:06Z","timestamp":1558764906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0213005X08765157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S0213005X08765157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0213-005x(08)76515-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0213-005X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0213-005X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}