{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T14:07:06Z","timestamp":1767276426080},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4522(98)00311-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,25]],"date-time":"2002-07-25T13:01:24Z","timestamp":1027602084000},"page":"1079-1087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Ligand and subfield specificity of corticoid-induced neuronal loss in the rat hippocampal formation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.M","family":"Paula-Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.F.X","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB1","unstructured":"Almeida O. F. X., Michaelidis T., Fisher D., von Rosensteil P. and Hassan A. H. S. (1997) Dichotomous control of apoptosis and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor ligands. 27th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Abstr. 459.1."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90424-7","article-title":"The three-dimensional organization of the hippocampal formation: a review of anatomical data","volume":"31","author":"Amaral","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91734-X","article-title":"Glucocorticoid endangerment of hippocampal neurons is NMDA-receptor dependent","volume":"532","author":"Armanini","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-01-00061.1995","article-title":"Enduring effects of chronic corticosterone treatment on spatial learning, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal neuropathology in young and mid-aged rats","volume":"15","author":"Bodnoff","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1990.tb02967.x","article-title":"The total number of neurons in the human neocortex unbiasedly estimated using optical disectors","volume":"157","author":"Br\u00e6ndgaard","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00202-2","article-title":"Anabolic-androgenic steroid and adrenal steroid effects on hippocampal plasticity","volume":"679","author":"Clark","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB7","first-page":"95","article-title":"Brain corticosteroid receptor balance and homeostatic control","volume":"12","author":"De Kloet","year":"1991","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-1047(92)90724-I","article-title":"The hippocampus: what does it do?","volume":"57","author":"Eichenbaum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav. neural Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44671.x","article-title":"The role of the limbic structures in the modulation of ACTH responses following adrenalectomy","volume":"771","author":"Feldman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90407-U","article-title":"Short-term glucocorticoid manipulations affect neuronal morphology and survival in the adult dentate gyrus","volume":"37","author":"Gould","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.1987.tb02837.x","article-title":"The efficacy of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction","volume":"147","author":"Gundersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1988.tb00954.x","article-title":"The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis","volume":"96","author":"Gundersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta path. microbiol. immunol. scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1988.tb05320.x","article-title":"Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis","volume":"96","author":"Gundersen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta path. microbiol. immunol. scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0113","article-title":"Exacerbation of apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the aged rat by dexamethasone and the protective role of corticosterone","volume":"140","author":"Hassan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Expl Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB15","first-page":"285","article-title":"The role of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the pathogenesis of Cushing's disease, anorexia nervosa, alcoholism, affective disorders and dementia","volume":"93","author":"Holsboer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-12-2-118","article-title":"The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamo\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenocortical axis","volume":"12","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-114-28587","article-title":"Evidence of inhibitive role of hippocampus in neural regulation of ACTH release","volume":"114","author":"Knigge","year":"1963","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. exp. biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB18","first-page":"54","article-title":"The glucocorticoid hypothesis of brain aging and neurodegeneration: recent modifications","volume":"125","author":"Landfield","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta endocr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12075.x","article-title":"Aging, stress and cognitive functions","volume":"717","author":"Levy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901490104","article-title":"Investigation of glial cells in semithin sections. I. Identification of glial cells in the brain of young rats","volume":"149","author":"Ling","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03534.1996","article-title":"Chronic psychosocial stress causes apical dendritic atrophy of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in subordinate tree shrews","volume":"15","author":"Magari\u00f1os","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64585-9","article-title":"Re-examination of the glucocorticoid hypothesis of stress and aging","volume":"93","author":"McEwen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1372","article-title":"Corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus of patients with Alzheimer's disease and depression","volume":"152","author":"Raadsheer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2505","article-title":"Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation","volume":"117","author":"Reul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/10253899609001092","article-title":"Stress, glucocorticoids, and damage to the nervous system: the current state of confusion","volume":"1","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-05-01222.1985","article-title":"Prolonged glucocorticoid exposure reduces hippocampal neuron number: implications for aging","volume":"5","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-3-284","article-title":"The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis","volume":"7","author":"Sapolsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00350-Y","article-title":"Hippocampal dentate granule cell degeneration after adrenalectomy in the rat is not reversed by dexamethasone","volume":"682","author":"Sloviter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903300304","article-title":"Adrenalectomy-induced granule cell degeneration in the rat dentate gyrus: characterization of an in vivo model of controlled neuronal death","volume":"330","author":"Sloviter","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2911756","article-title":"Selective loss of hippocampal granule cells in the mature rat brain after adrenalectomy","volume":"243","author":"Sloviter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa N., Almeida O. F. X., Holsboer F., Paula-Barbosa M. M. and Madeira M. D. (1998) Maintenance of hippocampal cell numbers in young and aged rats submitted to chronic unpredictable stress. Comparison with the effects of corticosterone treatment. Stress (in press).","DOI":"10.3109\/10253899809167288"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018573105987","article-title":"Structural alterations of the hippocampal formation of adrenalectomized rats: an unbiased stereological study","volume":"26","author":"Sousa","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00218-2","article-title":"Effects of corticosterone treatment and rehabilitation on the hippocampal formation of neonatal and adult rats. An unbiased stereological study","volume":"794","author":"Sousa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90433-C","article-title":"Adrenal steroid type I and type II receptor binding: estimates of in vivo receptor number, occupancy, and activation with varying levels of steroids","volume":"514","author":"Spencer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.2.195","article-title":"Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings in rats, monkeys and humans","volume":"99","author":"Squire","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90431-6","article-title":"Heterodimerization between mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor: a new principle of glucocorticoid action in the CNS","volume":"13","author":"Trapp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01705.1989","article-title":"Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates","volume":"9","author":"Uno","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00647-2","article-title":"Chronic psychosocial stress does not affect the number of pyramidal neurons in tree shrew hippocampus","volume":"233","author":"Vollmann-Honsdorf","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91597-8","article-title":"Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons","volume":"588","author":"Watanabe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092310411","article-title":"Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator","volume":"231","author":"West","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90778-A","article-title":"Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic morphology of adult pyramidal neurons","volume":"531","author":"Wooley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00311-X_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90207-C","article-title":"Effects of aldosterone or RU28362 treatment on adrenalectomy-induced cell death in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat","volume":"554","author":"Wooley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645229800311X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S030645229800311X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T14:19:46Z","timestamp":1578493186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S030645229800311X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S030645229800311X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4522(98)00311-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-4522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-4522","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}