{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T05:07:28Z","timestamp":1772773648495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]],"date-time":"2014-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1003-6326(14)63021-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,25]],"date-time":"2014-01-25T12:08:56Z","timestamp":1390651736000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Role of Kirkendall effect in diffusion processes in solids"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"C.A.C.","family":"SEQUEIRA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"AMARAL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1896.0010","article-title":"On the diffusion of metals [J]","volume":"187","author":"ROBERTS-AUSTEN","year":"1896","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2012.09.021","article-title":"Role of solid state chemistry in high temperature corrosion [J]","volume":"91","author":"SEQUEIRA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Research and Design"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib3","first-page":"501","article-title":"The oxidation of iron and steel at high temperatures [J]","volume":"169","author":"PFEIL","year":"1929","journal-title":"Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.61.315","article-title":"Mechanism for self diffusion in metallic copper [J]","volume":"61","author":"HUNTINGTON","year":"1942","journal-title":"Physical Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1039\/TF946420B006","article-title":"Diffusion and swelling of high polymers, Part I: The swelling and solution of a high polymer solid considered as diffusion process [J]","volume":"46","author":"HARTLEY","year":"1946","journal-title":"Transactions of the Faraday Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib6","first-page":"130","article-title":"Zinc diffusion in alpha brass [J]","volume":"171","author":"SMIGELSKAS","year":"1947","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02914706","article-title":"The discovery and acceptance of the Kirkendall effect: The result of a short research career [J]","volume":"49","author":"NAKAJIMA","year":"1997","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib8","series-title":"Physical chemistry of metals [M]","author":"DARKEN","year":"1953"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib9","series-title":"Diffusion in solids [M]","author":"SHEWMON","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib10","series-title":"Diffusion in the condensed state [M]","author":"KIRKALDY","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib11","series-title":"Atom movements and mass transport in solids [M]","author":"ADDA","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib12","series-title":"Atomic transport in solids [M]","author":"ALNATT","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib13","series-title":"Diffusion in solids [M]","author":"GLICKSMAN","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib14","series-title":"UHLIG's Corrosion Handbook","first-page":"247","article-title":"High temperature oxidation [M]","author":"SEQUEIRA","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib15","first-page":"348","article-title":"Report on diffusion in solids [J]","volume":"82","author":"DESCH","year":"1912","journal-title":"Reports of British Association for the Advancement of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib16","first-page":"11","article-title":"Diffusion in solid metals [J]","volume":"122","author":"MEHL","year":"1936","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib17","first-page":"173","volume":"138\u2013144","author":"KRYNITSKY","year":"1937","journal-title":"Metals and alloys [M]"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib18","first-page":"186","article-title":"Rates of diffusion of copper and zinc in alfa brass [J]","volume":"133","author":"KIRKENDALL","year":"1939","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib19","first-page":"104","article-title":"Diffusion of zinc in alpha brass [J]","volume":"147","author":"KIRKENDALL","year":"1942","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-9795(01)00018-8","article-title":"Formation of Co-Si intermetallics in bulk diffusion couples. Part I: Growth kinetics and mobilities of species in the silicide phases [J]","volume":"9","author":"van DAL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib21","first-page":"352","article-title":"Diffusion in binary mixtures with volume change [J]","volume":"66","author":"SAUER","year":"1962","journal-title":"Z Electrochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2006.08.003","article-title":"Solid state diffusion in Cu-Sn and Ni-Sn diffusion couples with flip-chip scale dimensions [J]","volume":"15","author":"LABIE","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib23","first-page":"155","article-title":"Interface and marker movements in diffusion in solid solutions of metals [J]","volume":"191","author":"da SILVA","year":"1951","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib24","first-page":"135","article-title":"Discussion following ref. [6] [J]","volume":"171","author":"MEHL","year":"1947","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib25","first-page":"184","article-title":"Diffusion, mobility and their intercalation through free energy in binary metallic systems [J]","volume":"175","author":"DARKEN","year":"1948","journal-title":"Transactions of the AIME"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1151-2916.1961.tb13724.x","article-title":"Mechanism of solid-state reaction between magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide and between magnesium oxide and ferric oxide [J]","volume":"44","author":"CARTER","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02644146","article-title":"Diffusion in the titanium-aluminium system: I. Occurrence and growth of the various intermetallic compounds [J]","volume":"5","author":"BASTIN","year":"1974","journal-title":"Metallurgical Transactions"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/DDF.95-98.629","article-title":"Interdiffusion and Kirkendall effect in Au-Zn ordered \u03b2' phase [J]","volume":"95\u201398","author":"SHIMOZAKI","year":"1993","journal-title":"Defect and Diffusion Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6454(99)00375-4","article-title":"Intrinsic diffusion and Kirkendall effect in Ni-Pd and Fe-Pd solid solutions [J]","volume":"48","author":"van DAL","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Materialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3697(72)80463-3","article-title":"The study of the Kirkendall effect after Darken equations [J]","volume":"33","author":"CORNET","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-7151(90)90019-D","article-title":"Interface migration and the Kirkendall effect in diffusion driven phase transformations [J]","volume":"38","author":"van LOO","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Metallurgica et Materialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.3352","article-title":"Microstructural stability of the Kirkendall plane in solid state diffusion [J]","volume":"86","author":"van DAL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1080\/01418610208240011","article-title":"Spatio-temporal instability of the Kirkendall-marker planes during interdiffusion in \u03b2'-AuZn [J]","volume":"82","author":"van DAL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Philosophical Magazine A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/DDF.194-199.1491","article-title":"Patterning in reactive diffusion [J]","volume":"194","author":"KODENTSOV","year":"2001","journal-title":"Defect Diffusion Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/DDF.194-199.195","article-title":"Instability of Kirkendall planes [J]","volume":"194","author":"van DAL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Defect Diffusion Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib36","first-page":"298","article-title":"Investigation of the interdiffusion and Kirkendall effect in Co-Ni-Fe system: I. Redistribution of component concentrations in the diffusion zone and shift of the inert markers [J]","volume":"97","author":"UGASTE","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physics of Metals and Metallography"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02736564","article-title":"Modelling of kinetics of diffusive phase transformation in binary systems with multiple stoichiometric phases [J]","volume":"27","author":"SVOBODA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2007.1904","article-title":"Computation of the Kirkendall velocity and displacement fields in a one-dimensional binary diffusion couple with a moving interface [J]","volume":"463","author":"BOETTINGER","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2010.01.019","article-title":"Modelling of diffusional phase transformation in multicomponent systems with stoichiometric phases [J]","volume":"58","author":"SVOBODA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Materialia"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intermet.2008.04.013","article-title":"Elucidation of bifurcation of the Kirkendall marker plane in a single phase using physico-chemical approach [J]","volume":"16","author":"GHOSH","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intermetallics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/crat.200410414","article-title":"Application of diffusion couple technique for the determination of Ti-Bi-Sn phase diagram [J]","volume":"40","author":"VASSILEV","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crystal Research and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0521(06)60079-X","article-title":"Determination of phase diagrams using the diffusion couple [J]","volume":"25","author":"XU","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rare Metals"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2012.08.128","article-title":"Phase equilibria in the Ni-Mn-In alloy system [J]","volume":"549","author":"MIYAMOTO","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Alloys and Compounds"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib44","series-title":"Diffusion in solids [M]","author":"GLICKSMAN","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib45","first-page":"329","article-title":"Rapid formation of intermetallic compounds by interdiffusion in the Cu-Sn and Ni-Sn systems [J]","volume":"43","author":"BADER","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Metallurgica et Materialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2006.01.032","article-title":"Effects of Co and Ni addition on reactive diffusion between Sn-3.5 Ag solder and Cu during soldering and annealing [J]","volume":"420","author":"GAO","year":"2006","journal-title":"Materials Science and Engineering A"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6454(00)00165-8","article-title":"Interfacial microstructure and the kinetics of interfacial reaction in diffusive couples between Sn-Pb solder and Cu\/Ni\/Pb metallization [J]","volume":"48","author":"GHOSH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Materialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans.MRA2008266","article-title":"Solid-state reactive diffusion between Sn and electroless Ni-P at 473 K [J]","volume":"50","author":"YAMAKAMI","year":"2009","journal-title":"Materials Transactions"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/10408430802462958","article-title":"On the spatial stability and bifurcation of the Kirkendall plane during solid-state interdiffusion [J]","volume":"33","author":"KODENTSOV","year":"2008","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2003.10.007","article-title":"The Kirkendall effect in multiphase diffusion [J]","volume":"52","author":"PAUL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Materialia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib51","first-page":"259","article-title":"On the behaviour of Kirkendall markers in solid-state interdiffusion [J]","volume":"49","author":"PAUL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of Metallurgy and Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PAUL A, KODENTSOV A A, van LOO F J J. Bifurcation and trifurcation of a Kirkendall plane during multiphase interdiffusion [C]\/\/Diffusion in Materials: DIMAT 2004, Pts 1 and 2. 2005, 237\u2013240: 813\u2013824.","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/DDF.237-240.813"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2004.05.028","article-title":"Bifurcation of the Kirkendall plane during interdiffusion in the intermetallic compound beta-NiAl [J]","volume":"52","author":"PAUL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Materialia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3139\/146.017946","article-title":"Bifurcation of the Kirkendall plane and patterning in reactive diffusion [J]","volume":"95","author":"KODENTSOV","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3139\/146.018032","article-title":"Intermetallic growth and Kirkendall effect manifestations in Cu\/Sn and Au\/Sn diffusion couples [J]","volume":"95","author":"PAUL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Fur Metallkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KODENTSOVA A, PAUL A, van LOO F J J. The Kirkendall plane in binary interdiffusion systems [C]\/\/Defects and Diffusion in Metals- an Annual Retrospective Vii. 2004, 233: 61\u201375.","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/DDF.233-234.61"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib57","first-page":"65","article-title":"The Kirkendall effect in multiphase interdiffusion [J]","volume":"216","author":"PAUL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Defect and Diffusion Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(09)60102-3","article-title":"Solid state interfacial reactions in electrodeposited Cu\/Sn couples [J]","volume":"20","author":"TANG","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(09)60242-9","article-title":"Interfacial reactions between Sn-2.5Ag-2.0Ni solder and electroless Ni(P) deposited on SiCp\/Al composites [J]","volume":"20","author":"WU","year":"2010","journal-title":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(14)63021-1_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(11)60921-7","article-title":"Multilayered Ti-Al intermetallic sheets fabricated by cold rolling and annealing of titanium and aluminum foils [J]","volume":"21","author":"SUN","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China"}],"container-title":["Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1003632614630211?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1003632614630211?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T01:44:51Z","timestamp":1565142291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1003632614630211"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1003632614630211"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1003-6326(14)63021-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1003-6326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1003-6326","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}}}