{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T08:21:07Z","timestamp":1774426867261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Geostrophic transport and hydrographic measurements derived from a historical database (1900\u20131998) were used to study the spring\u2013summer mean circulation in the upper layer south and west of Cape St. Vincent, Southwest (SW) Portugal. The larger-scale circulation scheme is forced by equatorward winds from May to September, when the Iberian coastal transition zone (CTZ) is dominated by a generalized upwelling of cold, low-salinity water. A partially separated surface jet intensified at the shelf break conveys \u223c1 Sv of upwelled water equatorward parallel to the bathymetry, while offshore a poleward flow transports \u223c0.4\u20130.6 Sv of upwelled water. Although alongshore transports dominate the circulation pattern of the upper layers, cross-shore transports are significant at the climatological scale. Anticyclonic circulation with an exchange of \u223c0.5 Sv from the equatorward jet to the offshore poleward flow and the partial re-circulation further north, back into the equatorward flow are discussed. A coherent, cyclonic re-circulation pattern inshore of the upwelling jet is also speculated. From these results the shelf break is considered a climatological border at both sides of which two major re-circulation cells occur. The climatological equatorward flow has offshore protrusions, interpreted as recurrent episodes of major contortions of the upwelling flow. These features bring about considerable \u201ccross-shelf flow\u201d re-circulation reaching up to 50% of the main flow. The most significant exchanges are found to be associated with major changes of orientation of the coastline. Off Cape St. Vincent the upwelling front stretches to both west and south and contributes to the cross-shelf re-circulations. Additionally, convergence of the upwelling flow and a branch of the Azores current, with associated re-circulation is found diagonally from the cape. On the southern coast the upwelling jet is seen to meander offshore in the vicinity of Cape St. Maria. Individual synoptic cruise data showed agreement with the climatological circulation features. We conclude that these oceanographic features leave an imprint on the climatic circulation in spite of the \u201csmoothing out\u201d of recurrent events over the spring\u2013summer period of the years of 1900\u20131998.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/s1054-3139(03)00137-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,12]],"date-time":"2003-09-12T14:49:42Z","timestamp":1063378182000},"page":"1232-1250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Spring\u2013summer climatological circulation in the upper layer in the region of Cape St. Vincent, Southwest Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Ricardo F.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIACOMAR \u2013 Universidade do Algarve Av. 16 Junho s\/n, 8700-311 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMA \u2013 Universidade do Algarve (FCMA) Campus de Gambelas, P-8000-117 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6A","key":"2019081306350035100_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-0149(83)90045-6","article-title":"A shallow core of Mediterranean water off western Portugal","volume":"30","author":"Ambar","year":"1983","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Research"},{"key":"2019081306350035100_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1994)024<1295:TEBOTS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The eastern boundary of the subtropical North Atlantic","volume":"24","author":"Arhan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Oceanography"},{"key":"2019081306350035100_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1991)021<1815:TSCOWS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The seasonal cycle of wind-stress curl in subtropical eastern boundary regions","volume":"21","author":"Bakun","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Oceanography"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019081306350035100_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1997)027<1654:MASOTM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Mixing and spreading of the Mediterranean outflow","volume":"27","author":"Baringer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Oceanography"},{"key":"2019081306350035100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1964)003<0396:ATFMDI>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A technique to maximize details in numerical weather-map analyses","volume":"3","author":"Barnes","year":"1964","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Meteorology"},{"key":"2019081306350035100_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0645(99)00127-7","article-title":"A separating coastal upwelling jet at Cape Blanco, Oregon and its connection to the California current system","volume":"47","author":"Barth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Research II"},{"issue":"C6","key":"2019081306350035100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14173","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JC900026","article-title":"A modelling study of the coastal eastern-boundary current system off Iberia and Morocco","volume":"105","author":"Batteen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2019081306350035100_b8","first-page":"79","article-title":"Seasonal variability of the surface inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar","volume":"3","author":"Bormans","year":"1986","journal-title":"Oceanologica Acta"},{"issue":"C4","key":"2019081306350035100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8575","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JC900327","article-title":"A view of the 1993\u20131994 California current based on surface drifters, floats and remotely sensed data","volume":"105","author":"Brink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2019081306350035100_b10","first-page":"29","article-title":"The Bermuda-Azores high pressure cell. 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