{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T04:39:45Z","timestamp":1771043985188,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sea Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1385-1101(00)00002-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T02:12:29Z","timestamp":1027649549000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Density-driven convection during flooding of warm, permeable intertidal sediments: the ecological importance of the convective turnover pump"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1139\/f83-277","article-title":"The northern muddy intertidal: seasonal factors controlling erosion and deposition\u2014a review","volume":"40","author":"Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3354\/meps037259","article-title":"Comparison of oxygen microgradients, oxygen flux rates and electron transport system activity in coastal marine sediments","volume":"37","author":"Anderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1992.37.3.0614","article-title":"Benthic oxygen fluxes on the Washington shelf and slope: a comparison of in-situ microelectrode and chamber fluxes","volume":"37","author":"Archer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(86)90110-1","article-title":"Oxygenation of intertidal estuarine sediments by benthic microalgal photosynthesis","volume":"22","author":"Baillie","year":"1986","journal-title":"Est. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1977.22.5.0781","article-title":"Stoichometric models for nutrient regeneration in anoxic sediments","volume":"22","author":"Berner","year":"1977","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB7","series-title":"Early Diagenesis\u2014A Theoretical Approach","author":"Berner","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3354\/meps061245","article-title":"Physical characteristics of salt marsh sediments: ecological implications","volume":"61","author":"Bradley","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB9","series-title":"Diagenetic Models and their Implementation. Modeling Transport and Reactions in Aquatic Sediments","author":"Boudreau","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB10","series-title":"Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments","first-page":"59","article-title":"A critical appraisal of the methodology used in studies of material flux between saltmarshes and coastal waters","author":"Carpenter","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB11","series-title":"Les Fontaines Publiques de la Ville de Dijon","author":"Darcy","year":"1856"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1357\/0022240933223765","article-title":"Benthic fluxes and nitrogen cycling in sediments of the continental margin of the eastern North Pacific","volume":"51","author":"Devol","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Mar. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB13","series-title":"Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology","author":"Domenico","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB14","series-title":"Porous Media: Fluid Transport and Pore Structure","author":"Dullien","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1357\/002224084788505942","article-title":"Sediment\u2013water exchange in shallow water estuarine sediments","volume":"42","author":"Emerson","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Mar. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02084221","article-title":"Tidal flushing of ammonium from intertidal sediments of Ria Formosa, Portugal","volume":"29","author":"Falc\u00e3o","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1975.20.1.0081","article-title":"Runoff from an intertidal marsh during tidal exposure\u2014recession curves and chemical characteristics","volume":"20","author":"Gardner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(85)90090-3","article-title":"Heat exchanges in muddy intertidal sediments: Chichester Harbour, West Sussex, England","volume":"20","author":"Harrison","year":"1985","journal-title":"Est. Coast. Shelf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB19","unstructured":"Harrison, S.J., Phizacklea, A.P., 1980. Temperatures in the intertidal zone: Biography and notes. IMRP Report 1, Stirling University."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2307\/1352377","article-title":"Preferential flow and segregation of porewater solutes in wetland sediment","volume":"18","author":"Harvey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1029\/WR020i005p00591","article-title":"Surface infiltration in salt marshes: theory, measurements and biogeochemical implications","volume":"20","author":"Hemond","year":"1984","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1707601","article-title":"Convection currents in a porous medium","volume":"16","author":"Horton","year":"1945","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3354\/meps114289","article-title":"Porewater drainage and dissolved organic carbon and nutrient losses through the intertidal creekbanks of a New England salt marsh","volume":"114","author":"Howes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2307\/2260404","article-title":"Factors controlling the growth form of Spartina alterniflora: feedbacks between aboveground production, sediment oxidation, nitrogen and salinity","volume":"74","author":"Howes","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/362230a0","article-title":"Visualization of convective fluid flow in a porous medium","volume":"362","author":"Howle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2926486","article-title":"A singular perturbation solution for Couette flow over a semi-infinite porous bed","volume":"113","author":"Hsu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Fluid Engng"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3354\/meps082187","article-title":"Solute release mechanisms from confined sediment cores in stirred benthic chambers and flume flows","volume":"82","author":"Huettel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB28","series-title":"Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer","author":"Incropera","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB29","series-title":"Biogeochemistry of Intertidal Sediments","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(85)90005-8","article-title":"Nutrient chemistry and hydrology of interstitial water in brackish tidal marshes of Chesapeake Bay","volume":"21","author":"Jordan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Est. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB31","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, B.B., 1983. Processes at the sediment\u2013water interface. In: Bolin, B., Cook, R.B. (Eds.), The Major Biogeochemical Cycles and their Interactions. SCOPE, pp. 477\u2013515."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7714(05)80034-4","article-title":"Remobilization events involving Cd and Zn from intertidal flat sediments in the Elbe estuary during the tidal cycle","volume":"35","author":"Kerner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1017\/S030500410002452X","article-title":"Convection of a fluid in a porous medium","volume":"44","author":"Lapwood","year":"1948","journal-title":"Cambridge Phil. Soc. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB34","series-title":"An Introduction to Marine Biogeochemistry","author":"Libes","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3354\/meps145063","article-title":"Oxygen pore water profiles in continental shelf sediments of the North Sea\u2014turbulent versus molecular diffusion","volume":"145","author":"Lohse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.6.1305","article-title":"Sediment nutrient dynamics on the South Atlantic Bight continental shelf","volume":"43","author":"Marinelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2307\/1352376","article-title":"The mass balance of salt and water in intertidal sediments: results from North inlet, South Carolina","volume":"18","author":"Morris","year":"1995","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/299331a0","article-title":"Density driven interstitial water motion in sediments","volume":"299","author":"Musgrave","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB39","series-title":"Estuaries and Nutrients","first-page":"111","article-title":"Remineralization and nutrient cycling in coastal marine ecosystems","author":"Nixon","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB40","series-title":"Basic Heat Transfer","author":"\u00d6zi\u0161ik","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB41","series-title":"Flow and Reaction in Permeable Rocks","author":"Phillips","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1006\/ecss.1993.1021","article-title":"Soil temperature variations on a tidal flat in Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, Canada","volume":"35","author":"Piccolo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Est. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1029\/TR030i003p00349","article-title":"Loss of wave energy due to percolation in a permeable sea bottom","volume":"30","author":"Putnam","year":"1949","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Geophys. Un."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00391378","article-title":"Hydrodynamic patterns in lotic intertidal sands and their bioclimatological implications","volume":"13","author":"Riedl","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00391379","article-title":"The subtidal pump: a mechanism for interstitial water exchange by wave action","volume":"13","author":"Riedl","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.5.0823","article-title":"Rythmic ammonium regeneration and flushing in intertidal sediments of the Sado estuary","volume":"43","author":"Rocha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.2307\/1353301","article-title":"The influence of tidal action on pore water nitrate concentration and dynamics in intertidal sediments of the Sado Estuary","volume":"21","author":"Rocha","year":"1998","journal-title":"Estuaries"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02084224","article-title":"On the importance of sediment\u2013water exchange processes of ammonia to primary production in shallow areas of the Sado estuary (Portugal)","volume":"29","author":"Rocha","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neth. J. Aquat. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(81)90009-0","article-title":"Wave effects on sediment water exchange in a submerged sand bed","volume":"15","author":"Rutgers van der Loeff","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neth. J. Sea Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(96)00014-X","article-title":"Organic matter processing in continental shelf sediments\u2014the subtidal pump revisited","volume":"53","author":"Shum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400005877","article-title":"Environmental factors controlling the epipsammic flora on beach and sublitoral sands","volume":"50","author":"Steele","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.2307\/1933451","article-title":"Energy flow in the salt marsh ecosystem of Georgia","volume":"43","author":"Teal","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB53","first-page":"53","article-title":"Bed-form generated convective transport in bottom sediment","volume":"350","author":"Thibodeaux","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.3290200909","article-title":"Modelling the time-varying extent of groundwater seepage on tidal beaches","volume":"20","author":"Turner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Earth Surface Proc. Landforms"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB55","series-title":"Processos Biogeoqu\u0131\u0301micos en Sistemas Costeros Hispano-Lusos","first-page":"15","article-title":"Fluxos biogeoqu\u0131\u0301micos em zonas intertidais: exemplos de ecossistemas em Portugal","author":"Vale","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1977.22.5.0794","article-title":"Kinetic models of diagenesis in disturbed sediments. Part 2. Nitrogen diagenesis","volume":"22","author":"Vanderborght","year":"1977","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/350053a0","article-title":"Importance of continental margins in the marine biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen","volume":"350","author":"Walsh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/220682a0","article-title":"Irrigation of submerged marine sands through wave action","volume":"220","author":"Webb","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400040649","article-title":"Wave-induced circulation in submerged sands","volume":"52","author":"Webb","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/ecss.1996.0013","article-title":"Solute exchange by convection within estuarine sediments","volume":"42","author":"Webster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Est. Coast. Shelf Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/3544339","article-title":"Productivity gradients in salt-marshes: the responses of Spartina alterniflora to experimentally manipulated soil movements","volume":"41","author":"Wiegert","year":"1983","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1385-1101(00)00002-2_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7714(86)90116-2","article-title":"Flux of dissolved organic carbon and porewater through the substrate of a Spartina alterniflora marsh in North Carolina","volume":"22","author":"Ylverton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Sea Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1385110100000022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1385110100000022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T22:51:43Z","timestamp":1555282303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1385110100000022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1385110100000022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1385-1101(00)00002-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1385-1101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1385-1101","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]}}}