{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T05:06:25Z","timestamp":1778216785635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,13]],"date-time":"2019-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003176","name":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n, Cultura y Deporte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000957","name":"Alzheimer&apos;s Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003359","name":"Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/00719"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/00719"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI\/01\/0145\/FEDER\/007265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI\/01\/0145\/FEDER\/007265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003381","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PT2020 UID\/QUI\/50006\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PT2020 UID\/QUI\/50006\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003381","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/MULTI\/04378\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MULTI\/04378\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnolo\u0161kog Razvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OI175014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OI175014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013327","name":"H. Lundbeck A\/S","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","em-consulte.com","thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30454-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T18:34:04Z","timestamp":1550169244000},"page":"357-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":843,"title":["Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ettore","family":"Beghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Giussani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Foad","family":"Abd-Allah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jemal","family":"Abdela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abdelalim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haftom Niguse","family":"Abraha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mina G.","family":"Adib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fares","family":"Alahdab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yohanes","family":"Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel A","family":"Barboza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abate Bekele","family":"Belachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Belete","family":"Biadgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Bijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Bitew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yazan","family":"Chaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Huyen Phuc","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aman Yesuf Yesuf","family":"Endries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sharareh","family":"Eskandarieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Faro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Farzadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seyed-Mohammad","family":"Fereshtehnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel Obadare","family":"Fijabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abadi Kahsu","family":"Gebre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Afewerki Gebremeskel","family":"Tsadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teklu Gebrehiwo","family":"Gebremichael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kebede Embaye","family":"Gezae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ghasemi-Kasman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kidu Gidey","family":"Weldegwergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Meaza Girma","family":"Degefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Gnedovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tekleberhan B","family":"Hagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arvin","family":"Haj-Mirzaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arya","family":"Haj-Mirzaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hamid Yimam","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon I","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mihajlo","family":"Jakovljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Kasaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tesfaye Dessale","family":"Kassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yousef Saleh","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ejaz Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jagdish","family":"Khubchandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Kisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristopher J","family":"Krohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chanda","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yirga Legesse","family":"Nirayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark T","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Majdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Azeem","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Treh","family":"Manhertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Man Mohan","family":"Mehndiratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tesfa","family":"Mekonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hagazi Gebre","family":"Meles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Getnet","family":"Mengistu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shafiu","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali H","family":"Mokdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ghulam","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seyed Sina Naghibi","family":"Irvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Long Hoang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Molly R","family":"Nixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix Akpojene","family":"Ogbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew T","family":"Olagunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tinuke O","family":"Olagunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mayowa Ojo","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael R","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriel David","family":"Pinilla-Monsalve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Qorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Radfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Rafay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vafa","family":"Rahimi-Movaghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nickolas","family":"Reinig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Perminder S","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hosein","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Safiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Sahraian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdallah M.","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shahabeddin","family":"Sarvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masood A","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cassandra E I","family":"Szoeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tabar\u00e9s-Seisdedos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamad-Hani","family":"Temsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Temsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Tortajada-Girb\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bach Xuan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amanuel Amanuel Tesfay","family":"Tsegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Narayanaswamy","family":"Venketasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Westerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea Sylvia","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ebrahim M","family":"Yimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Yonemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Valery L.","family":"Feigin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theo","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher J L","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52898-8.00006-9","article-title":"The epidemiology of the epilepsies","volume":"107","author":"Neligan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670","article-title":"Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Fisher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61381-6","article-title":"Epilepsy in poor regions of the world","volume":"380","author":"Newton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1684\/epd.2015.0751","article-title":"The natural history and prognosis of epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Beghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epileptic Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib5","series-title":"Neurological disorders: public health challenges","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003509","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies","volume":"88","author":"Fiest","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02481.x","article-title":"Estimation of the burden of active and life-time epilepsy: a meta-analytic approach","volume":"51","author":"Ngugi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822cfc90","article-title":"Incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Ngugi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30299-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"16","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390140065014","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis as the main cause of late-onset epilepsy in Mexico","volume":"150","author":"Medina","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.36504.x","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador","volume":"46","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01219.x","article-title":"Vascular determinants of epilepsy: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30818-8","article-title":"Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132015: a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02426.x","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, unprovoked seizures, and epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Samokhvalov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32366-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"suppl 7","key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x","article-title":"Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy","volume":"52","author":"Thurman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1985.tb05417.x","article-title":"Proposal for classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes","volume":"26","year":"1985","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709","article-title":"ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Scheffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e712","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00069-8","article-title":"Disability weights for the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study","volume":"3","author":"Salomon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31833-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.04.014","article-title":"Epilepsy misconceptions and stigma reduction interventions in sub-Saharan Africa, a systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Kaddumukasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x","article-title":"Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE)","volume":"46","author":"Fisher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00802.x","article-title":"Assessing the disease burden due to epilepsy by disability adjusted life year in rural China","volume":"47","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12384","article-title":"Epidemiology of epilepsy and its burden in Kolkata, India","volume":"132","author":"Banerjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145300","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145300","article-title":"Differing methods and definitions influence DALY estimates: using population-based data to calculate the burden of convulsive epilepsy in rural South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00974.x","article-title":"Prevalence and pattern of epilepsy treatment in different socioeconomic classes in Brazil","volume":"48","author":"Noronha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7371.1013","article-title":"Socioeconomic variation in incidence of epilepsy: prospective community based study in southeast England","volume":"325","author":"Heaney","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2005.10705.x","article-title":"Socioeconomic status is a risk factor for epilepsy in Icelandic adults but not in children","volume":"46","author":"Hesdorffer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318293e1b4","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of treated epilepsy among poor health and low-income Americans","volume":"80","author":"Kaiboriboon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12579","article-title":"Prevalence of epilepsy\u2014an unknown quantity","volume":"55","author":"Beghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31460-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-9580.2004.17504.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of the comorbidity of epilepsy in the general population","volume":"45","author":"Gaitatzis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e779","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005035","article-title":"Risk for injuries and accidents in epilepsy: a prospective population-based cohort study","volume":"90","author":"Mahler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.04.009","article-title":"Epilepsy-associated stigma in sub-Saharan Africa: the social landscape of a disease","volume":"7","author":"Baskind","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","article-title":"ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy","volume":"55","author":"Fisher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147444221830454X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S147444221830454X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T10:18:16Z","timestamp":1761473896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S147444221830454X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S147444221830454X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(18)30454-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-4422"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-4422","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Neurology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30454-X","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30042-0","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}