{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T08:51:15Z","timestamp":1778403075130,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006661","name":"United Nations Population Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BHD\/110001\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BHD\/110001\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/MULTI\/04378\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MULTI\/04378\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/QUI\/50006\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009053","name":"The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA\/CPHI\/14\/1\/501497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA\/CPHI\/14\/1\/501497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014588","name":"Sanofi Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014588","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DL57\/2016\/CP1334\/CT0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL57\/2016\/CP1334\/CT0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004429","name":"Inter-American Development Bank","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01EA1808A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01EA1808A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005230","name":"Organization of American States","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["thelancet.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Lancet Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(19)30349-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T18:40:13Z","timestamp":1579718413000},"page":"245-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1350,"title":["The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sadaf G","family":"Sepanlou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Safiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Bisignano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kevin S","family":"Ikuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Merat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Saberifiroozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Poustchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Derrick","family":"Tsoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danny V","family":"Colombara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Abdoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rufus Adesoji","family":"Adedoyin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Afarideh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sohail","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Ahmadpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"Akinyemiju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chisom Joyqueenet","family":"Akunna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Alipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Almasi-Hashiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdulaziz M","family":"Almulhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rajaa M","family":"Al-Raddadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Alvis-Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nahla Hamed","family":"Anber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Angus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Anoushiravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jalal","family":"Arabloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ephrem Mebrahtu","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Asmelash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bahar","family":"Ataeinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Ataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maha Moh'd Wahbi","family":"Atout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Floriane","family":"Ausloos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Awasthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Banach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diana Fernanda","family":"Bejarano Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Akshaya Srikanth","family":"Bhagavathula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Bhala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Krittika","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Srinivasa Rao","family":"Bolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Archith","family":"Boloor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio M","family":"Borz\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zahid A","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis LA Alberto","family":"C\u00e1mera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ismael R","family":"Campos-Nonato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dinh-Toi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sheng-Chia","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paolo Angelo","family":"Cortesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vera M","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin C","family":"Cowie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"de Courten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gebre Teklemariam","family":"Demoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rupak","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Samath Dhamminda","family":"Dharmaratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Djalalinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hoa Thi","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fariba","family":"Dorostkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manisha","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruce B","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andem","family":"Effiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Eftekhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Etemadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Farahmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Farzadfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduarda","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork","family":"Gebremedhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Birhanu","family":"Geta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Syed Amir","family":"Gilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paramjit Singh","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reyna Alma","family":"Gutirrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael Tamene","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arvin","family":"Haj-Mirzaian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saeed S","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Hasankhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Hasanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hashemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hamid Yimam","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon I","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Khezar","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andualem","family":"Henok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chi Linh","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Hostiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sorin","family":"Hostiuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vivian Chia-rong","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ehimario U","family":"Igumbor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olayinka Stephen","family":"Ilesanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seyed Sina Naghibi","family":"Irvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Jafari Balalami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Spencer L","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Panniyammakal","family":"Jeemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ravi Prakash","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jost B","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacek Jerzy","family":"Jozwiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Kasaeian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hagazi Gebremedhin","family":"Kassaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adane Teshome","family":"Kefale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rovshan","family":"Khalilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ejaz Ahmad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Khater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yun Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Koyanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lee-Ling","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alan D","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lorkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Lotufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Magdy Abd El Razek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hue Thi","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Manafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Manafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Mansournia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lorenzo Giovanni","family":"Mantovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Mazzaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dhruv","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ritesh G","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Melkamu Merid","family":"Mengesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tuomo J","family":"Meretoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tomislav","family":"Mestrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Miazgowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ted R","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erkin M","family":"Mirrakhimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Prasanna","family":"Mithra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Moazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Moghadaszadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdollah","family":"Mohammadian-Hafshejani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shafiu","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali H","family":"Mokdad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pablo A","family":"Montero-Zamora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ghobad","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mukhammad David","family":"Naimzada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ionut","family":"Negoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trang Huyen","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Ofori-Asenso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In-Hwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tinuke O","family":"Olagunju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jagadish Rao","family":"Padubidri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keyvan","family":"Pakshir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Pana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Pourshams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Rabiee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Radfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kiana","family":"Ramezanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saleem Muhammad M","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Rawaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David Laith","family":"Rawaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert C","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Roever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Room","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Roshandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Safari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdallah M","family":"Samy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Sanabria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benn","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria In\u00eas","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Subramanian","family":"Senthilkumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masood Ali","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Sharif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amrollah","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jasvinder A.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Soheili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hafiz Ansar Rasul","family":"Suleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Berhane Fseha","family":"Teklehaimanot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Berhe Etsay","family":"Tesfay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Vacante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Vahedian-Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pascual R","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tommi Juhani","family":"Vasankari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giang Thu","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yasir","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kidu Gidey","family":"Weldegwergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Werdecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Westerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dawit Zewdu","family":"Wondafrash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adam Belay","family":"Wondmieneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yordanos Gizachew","family":"Yeshitila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naohiro","family":"Yonemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chuanhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zoubida","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Zarghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shira","family":"Zelber-Sagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaleab Alemayehu","family":"Zewdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhi-Jiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiu-Ju","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Naghavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Malekzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.31.5.395","article-title":"The morphology of cirrhosis. Recommendations on definition, nomenclature, and classification by a working group sponsored by the World Health Organization","volume":"31","author":"Anthony","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04473.x","article-title":"The rate of decompensation and clinical progression of disease in people with cirrhosis: a cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Fleming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.02.042","article-title":"Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis","volume":"144","author":"Moreau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.10.013","article-title":"Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies","volume":"44","author":"D'Amico","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02517.x","article-title":"All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study","volume":"32","author":"Fleming","year":"2012","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1504367","article-title":"Treatment of patients with cirrhosis","volume":"375","author":"Ge","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33367","article-title":"Reversibility of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis following treatment for hepatitis C","volume":"122","author":"Arthur","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12592","article-title":"Review article: the prevention and reversal of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"39","author":"Czaja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12044","article-title":"Review article: the reversibility of cirrhosis","volume":"36","author":"Sohrabpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60383-9","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis","volume":"371","author":"Schuppan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","article-title":"Burden of liver diseases in the world","volume":"70","author":"Asrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.04.005","article-title":"Underestimation of liver-related mortality in the United States","volume":"145","author":"Asrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.07.056","article-title":"Trends in burden of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma by underlying liver disease in US veterans, 2001\u20132013","volume":"149","author":"Beste","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2014.902303","article-title":"Future treatments of cirrhosis","volume":"8","author":"Tsochatzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1503519","article-title":"Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"377","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90009-4","article-title":"Worldwide patterns and trends in mortality from liver cirrhosis, 1955 to 1990","volume":"4","author":"La Vecchia","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0145-y","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis mortality in 187 countries between 1980 and 2010: a systematic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Mokdad","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Kyu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6","volume":"392","author":"Stanaway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201120","article-title":"Identifying cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in health administrative data: a validation study","volume":"13","author":"Lapointe-Shaw","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.042","article-title":"Positive predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, codes for cirrhosis and its related complications","volume":"16","author":"Mapakshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7954-10-1","article-title":"Modeling causes of death: an integrated approach using CODEm","volume":"10","author":"Foreman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32278-5","article-title":"Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","article-title":"Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years","volume":"377","author":"Afshin","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"392","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib29","first-page":"633","article-title":"Liver disease in women: the influence of gender on epidemiology, natural history, and patient outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Guy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1159\/000317248","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis mortality in Europe, with special attention to Central and Eastern Europe","volume":"16","author":"Zato\u0144ski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(18)30339-X","article-title":"Incidence of cirrhosis in young birth cohorts in Canada from 1997 to 2016: a retrospective population-based study","volume":"4","author":"Flemming","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib32","article-title":"Mortality due to cirrhosis and liver cancer in the United States, 1999\u20132016: observational study","volume":"362","author":"Tapper","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30344-9","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis in sub-Saharan Africa: neglected, yet important","volume":"6","author":"Vento","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.043","article-title":"Alcoholic liver disease in Asia, Europe, and North America","volume":"150","author":"Liangpunsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01499.x","article-title":"The state of hepatitis B and C in Europe: report from the hepatitis B and C summit conference","volume":"18","author":"Hatzakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013752","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis in England\u2014an observational study: are we measuring its burden occurrence correctly?","volume":"7","author":"Ratib","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.059220","article-title":"Hepatitis B control by 2012 in the WHO Western Pacific Region: rationale and implications","volume":"87","author":"Rani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13157","article-title":"The use of generic medications for hepatitis C","volume":"36","author":"Freeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.034","article-title":"Planning and prioritizing direct-acting antivirals treatment for HCV patients in countries with limited resources: lessons from the Egyptian experience","volume":"68","author":"Elsharkawy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4959","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i44.4959","article-title":"Hepatitis elimination by 2030: progress and challenges","volume":"24","author":"Waheed","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.710","article-title":"The epidemiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"11","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.759","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease risk factors in Latin American populations: current scenario and perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Pinto Marques Souza de Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"}],"container-title":["The Lancet Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468125319303498?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468125319303498?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T05:00:02Z","timestamp":1762837202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468125319303498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468125319303498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-1253(19)30349-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-1253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-1253","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30349-8","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30382-6","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}