{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:15:30Z","timestamp":1781741730471,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013753","name":"Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am Polit Sci Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Conventional wisdom claims that racial diversity undermines public goods provision. I show that class-based differences, instead, incentivize cooperation for public goods. Class-based segregation reduces spatial externalities of inequality (e.g., sewage pollution and crime) spilling over from impoverished areas (e.g., slums) to the middle class. Conversely, I argue that in integrated (de-segregated) cities, the scale of such externalities undermines the efficacy of private services (e.g., private security), thereby inducing middle-class preferences for externalities-correcting public goods. Thus, while segregation polarizes preferences, integration aligns the middle class with the poor in coalitions that support public goods over private alternatives. I illustrate the theory using focus groups, a proposed quasi-experimental strategy, and an original face-to-face survey of 4,208 households across 420 neighborhoods in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil. The analysis introduces self-interest in reducing intergroup externalities as a mechanism for cooperation for public goods even in diverse societies. Using mechanism vignettes, I distinguish the mechanism from the affective attitudes\u2014racial tolerance, social affinity\u2014of intergroup contact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0003055423000722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T10:59:08Z","timestamp":1696849148000},"page":"1431-1448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Segregation and the Spatial Externalities of Inequality: A Theory of Interdependence and Public Goods in Cities"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8285-2941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ALICE Z.","family":"XU","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0003055423000722_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.23943\/princeton\/9780691169385.001.0001","volume-title":"Becoming Black Political Subjects","author":"Paschel","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0003055423000722_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108649377","volume-title":"Demanding Development: The Politics of Public Goods Provision in India\u2019s Urban Slums","author":"Auerbach","year":"2019"},{"key":"S0003055423000722_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055413000282","article-title":"Perils or Promise of Ethnic Integration? 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