{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:33:46Z","timestamp":1762032826683},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20437,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. Hyg."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1953,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Second attacks of typhoid fever are uncommon. In the literature this has been taken to imply that an attack of typhoid fever confers a high degree of immunity which, nevertheless, may be overcome by such factors as re-infection by a large dose, an organism of a different strain, or one of high virulence.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. Two large outbreaks of typhoid fever in the same community within 5 months produced eleven examples of second attacks. Clinical descriptions of four of these are given.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. Details are given of the population at risk and the attack rates in various groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. The evidence of these facts and figures, though inconclusive, suggests that an attack of typhoid fever does not confer more than a moderate degree of specific immunity. The influence of chloramphenicol upon immunity remains <jats:italic>sub judice<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0022172400015680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T06:34:40Z","timestamp":1242369280000},"page":"260-267","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Second attacks of typhoid fever"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"D. E.","family":"Marmion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G. R. E.","family":"Naylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I. O.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)91719-4"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01924849"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref003","first-page":"448","article-title":"The demonstration of types of B. typhosus by means of preparations of type II Vi phage","volume":"29","author":"Craigie","year":"1938","journal-title":"Canad. publ. 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M\u00e9d."},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(52)90022-9"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref014","first-page":"674","volume-title":"Handbook of Communicable Diseases","author":"Top","year":"1947"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref007","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Typhoid Fever","author":"Gay","year":"1918"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref005","first-page":"253","volume-title":"The Acute Bacterial Diseases","author":"Dowling","year":"1948"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref010","first-page":"498","article-title":"Zur Frage der Recidive beim Typhus abdominalis unter Chloromycetintherapie","volume":"17","author":"Reber","year":"1950","journal-title":"Helv. med. acta."},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref004","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Typhoid Fever and Typhus Fever","author":"Curschmann","year":"1902"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref011","first-page":"146","volume-title":"Acute Infectious Diseases","author":"Rolleston","year":"1940"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref013","first-page":"659","volume-title":"Communicable Diseases","author":"Stuart","year":"1950"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1914.02570180023005"},{"key":"S0022172400015680_ref015","first-page":"508","volume-title":"A Textbook of Bacteriology","author":"Zinsser","year":"1939"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022172400015680","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T02:19:41Z","timestamp":1559873981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022172400015680\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1953,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1953,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022172400015680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0022172400015680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1724","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1953,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 Cambridge University Press 1953","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}