{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T15:32:57Z","timestamp":1759332777660},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7980,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Embryonic stages of various<jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>species have been used to stimulate resistance in CBA mice to challenge injections with the microfilariae of<jats:italic>Onchocerca lienalis<\/jats:italic>. Comparable levels of resistance to challenge (29\u201337% reductions) were conferred by living, freeze-killed, or sonicated organisms administered with Freunds\u2018 Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Antigens extracted in saline, or with the detergent sodium deoxycholate, were also protective. Adjuvants enhanced the protective effect, particularly FCA (78% reduction), Freunds\u2018 Incomplete Adjuvant (74% reduction), aluminium hydroxide (70% reduction) and<jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>(70% reduction). Detergent extracts prepared from intact embryos with<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>-octyl glucoside also stimulated significant levels of protection against microfilarial challenge when given with FCA (37\u201345% reductions). Levels of resistance induced by immunizations with intact organisms were greatest following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection over the neck or by intramuscular inoculation. Soluble extracts were also particially effective given by s.c. inguinal or intraperitoneal injection. A time-interval of greater than 3 weeks between the completion of immunization and challenge was required for the expression of immunity. Cross-protection against challenge with<jats:italic>O. lienalis<\/jats:italic>microfilariae was also afforded to mice by immunization with intact embryos or detergent extracts of<jats:italic>Onchocerca gutturosa<\/jats:italic>(45 and 34% reductions),<jats:italic>Onchocerca gibsoni<\/jats:italic>(66 and 47% reductions) or<jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic>(58 and 41% reductions). It is concluded that the embryonic stages of both human and animal parasites provide a source of cross-protective antigens of value in studies on resistance to<jats:italic>Onchocerca<\/jats:italic>microfilariae in experimental hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000055839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T16:16:22Z","timestamp":1244218582000},"page":"485-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Resistance to<i>Onchocerca lienalis<\/i>microfilariae in mice conferred by egg antigens of homologous and heterologous<i>Onchocerca<\/i>species"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"C. K. S.","family":"Carlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. 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Resistance induced by the homologous parasite","volume":"35","author":"Townson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0031182000055839_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00026675"},{"key":"S0031182000055839_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00005058"},{"key":"S0031182000055839_ref004","first-page":"499","article-title":"Lokalisation von Antigenit\u00e4t adulter Dipetalonema viteae\u2013Wurmer in der indirekten Immunofluoreszenz mit Filariose \u2013 Patienen serum","volume":"26","author":"Diesfeld","year":"1975","journal-title":"Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000055839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T14:37:07Z","timestamp":1685025427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000055839\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000055839"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000055839","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1987,6]]}}}