{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:33:39Z","timestamp":1768912419205,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8649,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> formation of <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic> ookinetes was studied. Gametocytes produced <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> were obtained from heart and tail blood of Swiss mice and from blood removed from mosquitoes directly after feeding on these mice. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> produced gametocytes were obtained from short-term cultures of the erythrocytic stages of <jats:italic>P. berghei<\/jats:italic>. Reproducible ookinete production was obtained in medium RPMI 1640, pH 7\u00b08\u20138\u00b00, using <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> produced gametocytes. The morphology of developmental stages of ookinetes and degenerate forms at the light microscope level is described. More ookinetes were produced in medium RPMI 1640 compared to MEM and ookinete yield \u2013 defined as the ratio between the number of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> produced ookinetes\/10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> erythrocytes and the number of exflagellations\/10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> erythrocytes in the infected blood \u2013 increased with lower erythrocyte densities in the cultures within the range of dilutions tested. A linear relationship existed between gametocytaemia and the number of ookinetes produced. The methods for <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> ookinete formation and for estimating ookinete yields enabled us to study aspects of functional maturity of gametocytes independent of mosquitoes. The numbers of exflagellating gametocytes and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> ookinete yields in tail blood corresponded with those in heart blood and blood ingested by mosquitoes, suggesting a random distribution of functionally mature gametocytes within the vertebrate host.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000056481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T12:23:26Z","timestamp":1244204606000},"page":"19-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["<i>In vitro<\/i> formation of ookinetes and functional maturity of <i>Plasmodium berghei<\/i> gametocytes"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"C. J.","family":"Janse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Mons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. J.","family":"Rouwenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. F. J.","family":"van der Klooster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Overdulve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H. J.","family":"van der Kaay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(79)90056-0"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref008","article-title":"Development of sexual and asexual stages of Plasmodium berghei in synchronous infections and in vitro cultures","author":"Moss","year":"1985","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref002","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Abstracts of the 5th International Congress of Protozoology","author":"Chen","year":"1977"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3279917"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref011","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Advances in Parasitology","author":"Sinden","year":"1983"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-426103-7.50013-6"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref012","first-page":"13","article-title":"A susceptible and refractive strain of Anopheles atroparvus to infection with Plasmodium berghei berghei","volume":"45","author":"Van der Kaay","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Leidensia"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref003","first-page":"153","article-title":"Morphological observations on the ookinete formation in rodent plasmodium (Plasmodiuin berghei yoelii) in vitro","volume":"27","author":"Gao","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Zoologica Sinica"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(83)90015-2"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref004","first-page":"127","article-title":"Influences of blood digestion on the development of Plasmodiuni gallinaceum (Brumpt) in the midgut of Aedes aegypti (L.)","volume":"34","author":"Gass","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref005","first-page":"243","article-title":"In vitro damage of cultured ookinetes of Plasmodium gallinaceum by digestive proteinases from susceptible","volume":"36","author":"Gass","year":"1979","journal-title":"Aedes aegypti Acta tropica"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1979542145"},{"key":"S0031182000056481_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(84)90083-3"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000056481","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T18:02:12Z","timestamp":1558548132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000056481\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,8]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000056481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000056481","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,8]]}}}