{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:57:07Z","timestamp":1761292627821},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5270,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasitology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of a survey of human leishmaniasis in Nicaragua we examined phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 40 <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> isolates. We identified 3 distinct parasites associated with cutaneous disease in this area; <jats:italic>Leishmania panamensis<\/jats:italic> (40% of cases), <jats:italic>Leishmania braziliensis<\/jats:italic> (33%), and a strain which exhibits the heterozygous isoenzyme and DNA fingerprinting patterns expected of a <jats:italic>L. panamensis<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic> hybrid (27%). There was complete correlation between the isoenzyme and DNA data for each of the putative hybrids examined. All of the \u2018hybrids\u2019 were obtained from foci in the northern region of the country where <jats:italic>L. panamensis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic> occur sympatrically. These observations provide strong evidence for sexual reproduction in New World <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> populations and suggest that it is of taxonomic and epidemiological significance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0031182000080689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,5]],"date-time":"2009-06-05T13:54:34Z","timestamp":1244210074000},"page":"435-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["A putative <i>Leishmania panamensis\/Leishmania braziliensis<\/i> hybrid is a causative agent of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nicaragua"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"A. A.","family":"Belli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(86)90197-4"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(94)00034-4"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90188-6"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(83)90004-4"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15586.x"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref013","first-page":"285","article-title":"Fusion cellulaire chez les Leishmania (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae)","volume":"310","author":"Lanotte","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Hebdomonedaires des Seances de l' Academie des Sciences"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(82)90062-7"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref007","volume-title":"Handbook on Isolation, Characterization and Cryopreservation of Leishmania","author":"Evans","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref006","volume-title":"Information on the epidemiology and control of the Leishmaniases by country or territory","author":"Desjeux","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/0-89603-239-6:123"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.4.1599"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90076-5"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref022","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual","author":"Sambrook","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(91)90049-C"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90157-T"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90294-4"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.2.724"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(85)90130-0"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1981565467"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(91)90226-O"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref024","unstructured":"Thomaz Soccol V. (1993). Les Leishmania du Nouveau Monde. Analyse enzymatique. Demarche progressive phenetique-cladistique. Relations phylogenetiques avec les Leishmania de l'Ancien Monde. Ph.D. thesis, Facult\u00e9 de Medecine, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, France."},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.7.2414"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04433.x"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90102-8"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref008","first-page":"165","article-title":"Hybrid formation within the genus Leishmania?","volume":"29","author":"Evans","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitologia"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref017","first-page":"414","article-title":"Survey of 259 cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Nicaragua","volume":"21","author":"Missoni","year":"1984","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"S0031182000080689_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(92)90016-U"}],"container-title":["Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0031182000080689","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T01:39:07Z","timestamp":1557884347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0031182000080689\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031182000080689"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0031182000080689","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-1820","1469-8161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-1820","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8161","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,11]]}}}