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RISP research is intended to minimize human error through automation of repetitive, dull, and routine tasks; to minimize human risk by allowing effective remote operation in hazardous environments; to optimize cooperation of humans and machines; and to cope effectively with emergency situations where fast response is essential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0263574700005403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,10]],"date-time":"2009-03-10T13:22:35Z","timestamp":1236691355000},"page":"101-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["R&amp;D Profile Section: The Robotics and Intelligent Systems Program (RISP) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"C. R.","family":"Weisbin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. R.","family":"Hamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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Barhen J. and Halbert E.C. , \u201cROSES: An Efficient Scheduler for Precedence-Constrained Tasks on Concurrent Multiprocessors\u201d Hypercube Multiprocessors, 1986, SIAM Chap. 11, pp. 123\u2013148 (1986)."},{"key":"S0263574700005403_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.26.005007"},{"key":"S0263574700005403_ref040","unstructured":"5. Draper J.V. , \u201cEffects of Force Reflection on Servomanipulator Task Performance\u201d France\/CEA USDOE\/ORNL Specialists' Meeting on Remote Technology, Marseille, France, 02 19\u201324, 1987. Also presented at the International Topical Meeting on Remote Systems and Robotics in Hostile Environments, Pasco, Washington, pp. 654\u2013660 (March 29\u2013April 2, 1987)."},{"key":"S0263574700005403_ref013","unstructured":"1. 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