{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:17:21Z","timestamp":1761675441619},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]],"date-time":"2007-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1171238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>To obtain specifications for a tactile display that would be effective in virtual reality and tele-existence systems, we have developed two types of matrix-type experimental tactile displays. One is for virtual figures (display A) and the other is for virtual textures (display B). Display A's pad has a 4 \u00d7 6 array of stimulus pins, each 0.8 mm in diameter. Three pad configurations, in which distances between any two adjacent pins (pin pitch) are 1.2, 1.9, or 2.5 mm, were developed to examine the influence of distance on a human operator's determination of virtual figures. Display B has an 8 \u00d7 8 array of stimulus pins, each 0.3 mm in diameter and with 1-or 1.8-mm pin pitch, because presentation of virtual textures was presumed to require a higher pin density. To establish a design method for these matrix-type tactile displays, we performed a series of psychophysical experiments using displays A and B. By evaluating variations in the correct answer percentage and threshold caused by different pin arrays and different pin strokes, we determined under what conditions the operator could best feel the virtual figures and textures. The results revealed that the two-point threshold should be adopted as the pitch between pins in the design of the tactile display, that a pin stroke should exceed 0.25 mm, and that the adjustment method is the most appropriate to evaluate the capabilities of tactile displays. Finally, when we compared the virtual texture with the real texture, we found that the threshold for the real texture is almost 1\/3rd that of the virtual texture. This result implies that it is effective to present variations in patterns caused by rotation and variation in shearing force, itself produced by relative motion between the finger surface and object surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0263574706003274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]],"date-time":"2007-02-12T10:46:42Z","timestamp":1171277202000},"page":"451-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Figure and texture presentation capabilities of a tactile mouse equipped with a display pad of stimulus pins"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ohka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Mouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tokuhiro","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Miyaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yasunaga","family":"Mitsuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref2","unstructured":"2. Takahashi M. , Nara T. , Tachi S. and Higuchi T. , \u201cA Tactile Display Using Surface Acoustic Wave,\u201d Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (2000) pp. 364\u2013367."},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.798067"},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref1","unstructured":"1. Ikei Y. , Yamada M. and Fukuda S. , \u201cTactile Texture Presentation by Vibratory Pin Arrays Based on Surface Height Maps,\u201d Proceedings of the International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition (1999) pp. 51\u201358."},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref8","first-page":"840","article-title":"Shape discrimination with a tactile mouse","volume":"54","author":"Watanabe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Inst. Image Inf. TV Eng."},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/86.712218"},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref7","unstructured":"7. Ohka M. and Muramatsu Y. , \u201cFine Texture Presentation System for Tactile Virtual Reality,\u201d Proceedings of the WMC-99 Second World Manufacturing Congress (1999) pp. 57\u201362."},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref6","unstructured":"6. Iwata H. , Yano H. , Nakaizumi F. and Kawamura R. , \u201cProject FEELEX: Adding Haptic Surface to Graphics,\u201d Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH (2001) pp. 469\u2013475."},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref10","volume-title":"Psychophysics: The Fundamentals","author":"Gesheider","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref9","unstructured":"9. Konyo M. , Tadokoro S. , Hira M. and Takamori T. , \u201cQuantitative Evaluation of Artificial Tactile Feel Display Integrated with Visual Information,\u201d Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE\/RSJ Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (2002) pp. 3060\u20133065."},{"key":"S0263574706003274_ref3","unstructured":"3. Tanaka Y. , Yamauchi H. and Amemiya K. , \u201cWearable Haptic Display for Immersive Virtual Environment,\u201d Fifth JFPS International Symposium (2002) pp. 309\u2013310."}],"container-title":["Robotica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0263574706003274","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T21:55:39Z","timestamp":1556747739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0263574706003274\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0263574706003274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0263574706003274","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5747","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8668","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]]}}}