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An experimental device was built to automatically and randomly move a small probe in eight radial directions (45\u00b0 apart) and two distances (0.5 and 1.5 mm). Index fingers of 62 subjects were tested. The results showed that moving the probe at 1.5 mm was detected with more accuracy than the 0.5 mm one. And, the absolute direction was not a statistically significant variable affecting accuracy for 1.5 mm distance, but was a significant effect for 0.5 mm distance. Implications of these results are discussed and future developments are offered within the context of a proposed Braille design with tangential actuators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0263574712000744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T21:20:18Z","timestamp":1357680018000},"page":"679-685","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of distance and direction on tangential tactile perception of the index finger pad"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Greg","family":"Placencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Behrokh","family":"Khoshnevis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.392262"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02728-4_27"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194989"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref38","volume-title":"Americans with Disabilities Act and Architectural Barriers Act Accessibility Guidelines","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00838-5"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref29","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th Mechatronics Forum International Conference","author":"Salada","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref19","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Proceedings of Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers: Dynamic Systems and Control","author":"Tan","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref27","volume-title":"TOUCH-HapSys","author":"Vitello","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00153-5"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060581.1060588"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1060581.1060586"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref23","first-page":"1773","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation","author":"Kyung","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.6.1323"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195173154.001.0001"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.72.7.1854"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-2245-3_17"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3722\/cadaps.2010.101-108"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.03.004"},{"key":"S0263574712000744_ref7","article-title":"Human psychophysics for teletaction system design","volume":"1","author":"Moy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Haptics-e, Electron. 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