{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T11:59:16Z","timestamp":1769947156474,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with severe neuromuscular trunk impairment cannot maintain or control upright posture of the upper body in sitting while reaching. Passive orthoses are clinically available to provide support and promote the use of upper extremities in this population. However, these orthoses only position the torso passively without any degree of trunk movement.<\/jats:p><jats:p>We introduce for the first time a novel active-assistive torso brace called Wheelchair Robot for Active Postural Support (WRAPS). It consists of two rings over the hips and chest connected by a 2RPS-2UPS parallel robotic device. WRAPS can modulate the displacement of the upper ring and\/or the forces applied on the torso through the ring in four degrees-of-freedom (DOF), including rotations and translation in the sagittal and frontal planes.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the present study, we evaluate the design of WRAPS and its functions. Moreover, we discuss the potential effectiveness of WRAPS as a therapeutic robotic tool in people with severe trunk control deficits. The performance of WRAPS was evaluated in seated healthy subjects. Kinematics and surface electromyography (sEMG) were collected when the participants performed selective trunk movements. First, the torso range of motion (tROM) was calculated with WRAPS in transparent mode\u2014zero-force control mode\u2014which was compared with free-guided tROM (no WRAPS) with motion capture system. Second, a position control mode was configured to mobilize the torso along the trajectories obtained with the transparent mode.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our results show that the design of WRAPS suited well the subject\u2019s anthropometrics while supporting the weight of the torso. Importantly, WRAPS can be programmed to replicate the subject\u2019s tROM, without the full activation of torso muscles. This can be critical in individuals with no trunk control. Altogether, these preliminary results indicate the potential applicability of WRAPS to promote active-assistive trunk mobility in people who cannot sit independently because of trunk dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0263574719000948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T02:57:41Z","timestamp":1561517861000},"page":"2132-2146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Human Evaluation of Wheelchair Robot for Active Postural Support (WRAPS)"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5389-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chawin","family":"Ophaswongse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemarie C.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qining","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil K.","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref5","unstructured":"5. Ogura, T. , Itami, T. , Yano, K. , Mori, I. and Kameda, K. , \u201cAn Assistance Device to Help People with Trunk Impairment Maintain Posture,\u201d In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, London, UK (2017) pp. 358\u2013363."},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref1","unstructured":"1. \u201cSpinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures at a Glance 2018,\u201d National SCI Statistical Center, Birmingham, AL (2018)."},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref7","unstructured":"7. Murray, R. C. , Ophaswongse, C. and Agrawal, S. K. , \u201cDesign of a Wheelchair Robot for Active Postural Support,\u201d In: Proceedings of the ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Anaheim, CA (2018) pp. V05AT07A059."},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029957"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100090112"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0353-3"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2177"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.125"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref19","unstructured":"19. Sun, P. S. , Mai, J. , Zhou, Z. , Agrawal, S. K. and Wang, Q. , \u201cUpper-Body Motion Mode Recognition Based on IMUs for a Dynamic Spine Brace,\u201d In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Shenzhen, China (2018) pp. 167\u2013170."},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.05.042"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2012.721521"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref9","volume-title":"Robot Analysis: The Mechanics of Serial and Parallel Manipulators","author":"Tsai","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7906(91)90035-X"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1994.63"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198902000-00008"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref16","unstructured":"16. Konrad, P. , The ABC of EMG: A Practical Introduction to Kinesiological Electromyography ver 1.4, (Noraxon U.S.A. Inc., 2006) pp. 1\u201361."},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860100314"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v6.i1.24"},{"key":"S0263574719000948_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(05)80009-9"}],"container-title":["Robotica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0263574719000948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T10:28:18Z","timestamp":1607336898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0263574719000948\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0263574719000948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0263574719000948","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5747","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8668","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]}}}