{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T17:14:28Z","timestamp":1776532468787,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was reported that about 10% of people suffer from painful knee arthritis, and a quarter of them were severely disabled. The core activities of daily living were severely limited by knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In order to reduce knee pain and prolong the life of the knee joint, there has been an increasing demand on the development of exoskeletons, for prevention and treatment. The course of KOA was closely related to the biomechanics of knee joint, and the pathogenesis was summarized based on the biomechanics of knee joint. For the prevention and clinical treatment, exoskeletons are classified into three categories: prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation after the operation. Furthermore, the design concepts, actuators, sensors, control strategies, and evaluation criteria were presented. Finally, the shortcomings and limitations were summarized. It is useful for researchers to develop suitable exoskeletons in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0263574720001216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T06:42:33Z","timestamp":1610520153000},"page":"1345-1367","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Different Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) with Various Lower Limb Exoskeletons \u2013 A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7996-5662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2011.2163083"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2324153"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259950"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656560903018911"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"60. Zhou, Z. , Liao, Y. , Wang, C. and Wang, Q. , \u201cPreliminary evaluation of gait assistance during treadmill walking with a light-weight bionic knee exoskeleton,\u201d 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), Qingdao, (2016) pp. 1173\u20131178.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2016.7866484"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref24","volume-title":"Human Walking","author":"Rose","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref7","unstructured":"7. De Faria Borges, L. C. L. , Filgueiras, L. V. L. and Maciel, C. , \u201cTowards a participatory development technique of assistive technology for mobility and speech impaired patients,\u201d Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems and the Latin American Conference on Human-computer Interaction, Brazil, (2011) pp. 247\u2013256."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex399"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref92","unstructured":"92. Messier, S. P. , Loeser, R. F. , Hoover, J. L. , Semble, E. L. and Wise, C. M. , \u201cOsteoarthritis of the knee: Effects on gait, strength, and flexibility,\u201d Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 29\u201336 (1992)."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref32","unstructured":"32. Heidari, B. , Rheumatic, Diseases . 1st ed. (Babol: Iran Babol University of Medical Sciences Publication, 2002)."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref78","first-page":"100","article-title":"Design and evaluation of a new type of knee orthosis to align the mediolateral angle of the knee joint with osteoarthritis","author":"Karimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Orthop"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref20","first-page":"84","article-title":"Biomechanics of the knee joint, Orthop","volume":"24","author":"Masouros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trauma"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-5492-9"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"59. Liao, Y. , Zhou, Z. and Wang, Q. , \u201cBioKEX: A bionic knee exoskeleton with proxy-based sliding mode control,\u201d 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Seville, (2015) pp. 125\u2013130.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2015.7125087"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.01.001"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref30","first-page":"205","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis and features: Part I","volume":"2","author":"Heidari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref51","unstructured":"51. Available at https:\/\/springloadedtechnology.com\/product\/levitation-knee-brace"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.2.91"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2013.2275903"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00099","article-title":"Reshaping of gait coordination by robotic intervention in myelopathy patients after surgery","volume":"12","author":"Sandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22889"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref9","first-page":"2507","article-title":"S. I. Aslanidis and P. C. Dantis \u201cPrevalence of symptomatic knee, hand, and hip osteoarthritis in Greece. The ESORDIG study,\u201d","volume":"33","author":"Andrianakos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300031801"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.07.024"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4038439"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113100"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref69","unstructured":"69. Available at https:\/\/www.technaid.com\/technaidat-global-robot-expo-2019"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20496"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.08.010"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.2.174"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/aa57c5"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364613478964"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref34","article-title":"The diagnosis and therapy of degenerative knee joint disease: Expert consensus from the chinese pain medicine panel","volume":"1\u201314","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res. Manag"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-96360-5"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.10.578"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2017.2654424"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2019.02.008"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2014.11.036","article-title":"Strength and functional improvement using pneumatic brace with extension assist for end-stage knee osteoarthritis: A prospective, randomized trial","volume":"30","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Arthroplasty"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref65","unstructured":"65. Neuhaus, P. and Kazerooni, H. , \u201cDesign and control of human assisted walking robot,\u201d Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, (2000) pp. 563\u2013569."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.11.018"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90046-I"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2102-93"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300031801"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.07.007"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/digm.digm_51_16"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref54","unstructured":"54. Available at https:\/\/www.suitx.com\/phoenix-medical-exoskeleton"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10846-018-00979-8"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3085-9"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref90","unstructured":"90. Available at http:\/\/china.ossur.com\/oa-solutions\/oa-products\/oa-knee\/oa-knee-braces\/unloader-one"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"102. Costa, N. and Caldwell, D. G. , \u201cControl of a Biomimetic \u2018Soft-actuated\u2019 10DoF Lower Body Exoskeleton,\u201d The First IEEE\/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, Pisa, 495\u2013501 (2006).","DOI":"10.3182\/20060906-3-IT-2910.00131"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47. Bacek, T. , Moltedo, M. , Langlois, K. , Rodriguez-Guerrero, C. , Vanderborght, B. and Lefeber, D. , \u201cA novel modular compliant knee joint actuator for use in assistive and rehabilitation orthoses,\u201d 2017 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Vancouver, BC, (2017) pp. 5812\u20135817.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2017.8206472"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002168"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref18","unstructured":"18. Neumann, D. A. . Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system (Mosby\/Elsevier, 2010)."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670000166"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364914562476"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref42","first-page":"707","article-title":"Advantages of exercise in rehabilitation, treatment and prevention of altered morphological features in knee osteoarthritis. A narrative review","volume":"29","author":"Musumeci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref26","first-page":"1796","article-title":"Frontal plane knee alignment: A call for standardized measurement","volume":"34","author":"Cooke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2010.03.001"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-010-9242-8"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref68","unstructured":"68. Available at https:\/\/ir.eksobionics.com"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.04.014"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.02.005"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.03.3691"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10519","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-28782-3","article-title":"Effect of unloading brace treatment on pain and function in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: The ROTOR randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Philippe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.08.013"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2018.08.014"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041136"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-017-0784-x"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364615589537"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411913481557"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2015.2421052"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49. Maeda, D. , Tominaga, K. , Oku, T. , Pham, H. T. T. , Saeki, S. , Uemura, M. , Hirai, H. and Miyazaki, F. , \u201cMuscle synergy analysis of human adaptation to a variable-stiffness exoskeleton: Human walk with a knee exoskeleton with pneumatic artificial muscles,\u201d 2012 12th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids 2012), Osaka, (2012) pp. 638\u2013644.","DOI":"10.1109\/HUMANOIDS.2012.6651587"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-9-20"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20170518-03"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971090-00015"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00667"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref4","first-page":"347","article-title":"Technique to improve chronic motor deficit after stroke","volume":"74","author":"Taub","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2006.02.004"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2003.08.007"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059993"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.09.003"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref40","article-title":"Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"1","author":"Fransen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2005942"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/016918611X558225"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref101","volume-title":"Lower Body Exoskeleton for Walking Gait Assistance and Performance Augmentation using Compliance Controlled Actuators","author":"Costa","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.otsm.2009.03.001"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref36","article-title":"Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"1","author":"Fransen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.09.040"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.10.007"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.02.015"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. Harmo, P. , Taipalus, T. , Knuuttila, J. , Vallet, J. and Halme, A. , \u201cNeeds and solutions - Home automation and service robots for the elderly and disabled,\u201d Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2005. (IROS 2005). 2005 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on IEEE, Edmonton, Alta, (2005) pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2005.1545387"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.07.026"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"104. Lim, D. , Kim, W. , Lee, H. , Kim, H. , Shin, K. , Park, T. , Lee, J. Y. and Han, C. , \u201cDevelopment of a lower extremity Exoskeleton Robot with a quasi-anthropomorphic design approach for load carriage,\u201d 2015 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Hamburg (2015) pp. 5345\u20135350.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2015.7354132"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref73","first-page":"89","article-title":"Bracing and orthoses: a review of efficacy and mechanical effects for tibiofemoral osteoarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Segal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref112","unstructured":"112. Available at https:\/\/www.ai-robotics.cn\/products\/ailegs"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e318269d9a3"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref8","first-page":"205","article-title":"Knee osteoarthritis prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis and features: Part I","volume":"2","author":"Heidari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/BCO.0000000000000230","article-title":"Perioperative management in total knee arthroplasty","volume":"26","author":"Hube","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Orthop. Pract"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.12.013"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2014.2360283"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007181"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref56","unstructured":"56. Ma, H. , Lai, W. Y. , Liao, W. H. , Fong, D. T. P. and Chan, K. M. , \u201cDesign and control of a powered knee orthosis for gait assistance,\u201d 2013 IEEE\/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, Wollongong, NSW, (2013) pp. 816\u2013821."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.10.016"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref2","first-page":"22","article-title":"Obesity: Risk factor and predictor of osteoarthritis","volume":"131","author":"Grazio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lijec Vjesn"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2008.915453"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"55. Mazumder, O. , Kundu, A. S. , Chattaraj, R. , Lenka, P. K. , Gupta, K. and Bhaumik, S. , \u201cDevelopment of series elastic actuator based myoelectric knee exoskeleton for trajectory generation and load augmentation,\u201d Conference on Advances in Robotics ACM, Goa, India, (2015) pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1145\/2783449.2783472"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref66","first-page":"8","article-title":"Team ReWalk ranked first in the cybathlon 2016 exoskeleton final industrial activities","volume":"24","author":"Prassler","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.03.004"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref21","unstructured":"21. Tuan Dao, T. and Tho, M. C. H. B. . Biomechanics of the Musculoskeletal System. Fundamentals of Biomechanics. (2003)."},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.01.003"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2004.05.005"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2013.09.007"},{"key":"S0263574720001216_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0888439003259415"}],"container-title":["Robotica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0263574720001216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]],"date-time":"2022-12-11T11:10:33Z","timestamp":1670757033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0263574720001216\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0263574720001216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0263574720001216","relation":{},"ISSN":["0263-5747","1469-8668"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0263-5747","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-8668","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]}}}