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The strain sensor element is placed at the tip of the dome to measure the deformations during contact that reflect the properties of the contacted object. Using machine learning techniques, the sensor system can accurately predict these characteristics in various materials with an error rate of less than approximately 8%. A hybrid approach that combines experimental and simulation data enables the sensor to be trained effectively, generating sufficient data for accurate predictions without extensive experiments. The high accuracy results of the machine learning models demonstrate that the sensor system can precisely calculate the elastic modulus and depth of the defect. The adaptability and precision of the proposed sensor make it ideal for applications in medical diagnostics and other fields requiring careful interaction with soft materials. Furthermore, its innovative approach can be referenced for exploiting the properties of soft materials to achieve task-specific morphology without redesigning soft sensors or soft robots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0263574725101768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T08:38:39Z","timestamp":1750063119000},"page":"2335-2357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A morphologically adaptive dome-shaped tactile sensor for evaluating elastic modulus and defect depth"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Cuong Manh","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Le Quy Don Technical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trang Xuan","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phenikaa University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anh Viet","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Le Quy Don Technical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9094-2725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiep Xuan","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Le Quy Don Technical University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.665030"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574724000286"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026357472400081X"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125671"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026357472200131X"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01691864.2018.1525322"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2022.114882"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.2982867"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref21","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Localization of sliding movements using soft tactile sensing systems with three-axis accelerometers","volume":"19","author":"Trinh","year":"2036","journal-title":"Ah S Sens"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2015.12.034"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11043-024-09663-x"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43714-6"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202206807"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2019.2898712"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120402"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2021.672315"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2022.114079"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09838-1"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202310145"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574724001152"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10035-007-0078-7"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ecjb.20126"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/ac69be"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306249"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref22","first-page":"208","volume-title":"IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)","author":"Yuan","year":"2016"},{"key":"S0263574725101768_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Gomes, D. 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