{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:21:43Z","timestamp":1780586503071,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6976,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This review provides an overview of the present state of the art in applying AI techniques to the work of Chemical and Process Engineers. Such work is described, where necessary, in order to make this paper understandable to an audience outside the process engineering community.\nThe first section discusses the nature of chemical engineering design and draws the important distinction between\n                    <jats:italic>process<\/jats:italic>\n                    design and\n                    <jats:italic>plant<\/jats:italic>\n                    design. The complete design cycle is covered a stage at a time and AI applications and issues identified. The section finishes with a discussion of integrated or concurrent design, which is the ultimate aim of much current research.\nThe second section discusses AI applications in process operation. This covers process monitoring, alarm processing and fault diagnosis.\nThe third section discusses, in some depth, design stage loss prevention, that is the design of plants to be safe and reliable. Safety is an integral part of design, but the inclusion of a separate section is appropriate as the qualitative and judgemental nature of many safety related problems has encouraged the use of AI techniques. Applications of AI planning to the problem of automatic operating procedure synthesis and applications of qualitative simulation to chemical engineering problems are also discussed in this section.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888900005324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T09:35:40Z","timestamp":1246959340000},"page":"69-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["AI applications in process design, operation and safety"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Hutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. W.","family":"Ponton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref042","first-page":"1003","volume-title":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"12","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref041","first-page":"985","volume-title":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"12","author":"Lakshmanan","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref019","first-page":"853","volume-title":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"12","author":"Dalle Molle","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-1354(87)85018-4"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-1354(87)85008-1"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref069","unstructured":"Rijckaert MJ and Bogaerts W , 1987, \u201cExpert systems for materials selection and process control\u201d Conference Proceedings: Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Operation,Cache Corporation 687\u2013694."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref083","unstructured":"Venkatasubramanian V and Dhurjati P , 1987, \u201cTowards an object-orientated diagnostic methodology for the expert system FALCON\u201d Conference Proceedings: Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Operation,Cache Corporation."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref075","unstructured":"Stephanopoulos G , 1987, \u201cThe scope of artificial intelligence in plant-wide operations\u201d Conference Proceedings: Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Operation,Cache Corporation."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref034","unstructured":"Joback KG and Stephanopoulos G , 1989, \u201cDesigning molecules possessing desired physical property values\u201d Conference Proceedings: Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design\u2013Snowmass Village, Colorado, July 1989Cache Corporation,Austin, Texas."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref079","volume-title":"Reliability '87\u2014Proceedings","author":"Suokas","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref033","first-page":"881","volume-title":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"12","author":"Hoskins","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.1977.5215060"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-1354(79)80043-5","article-title":"The automatic generation and evaluation of process flowsheets","volume":"3","author":"Ponton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Computers and Chemical Engineering"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref039","unstructured":"Kramer MA , 1987, \u201cExpert systems for process fault diagnosis: A general framework\u201d Conference Proceedings: Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Operation, 1987Cache Corporation."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref085","volume-title":"Expert System Applications","author":"Waters","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref032","volume-title":"Annual Research Meeting\u2014University of Nottingham","author":"Harris","year":"1987"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0098-1354(88)85045-2"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690340405"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref057","unstructured":"Munro N , 1987, \u201cECSTACY\u2014An environment for control system design\u201d internal report, University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST), UK."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref028","first-page":"1035","volume-title":"Computers and Chemical Engineering","volume":"12","author":"Foulkes","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref060","unstructured":"O'Shima E , 1987, \u201cSequencing and scheduling of plant operations\u201d Conference Proceedings: Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Operation,Cache Corporation."},{"key":"S0269888900005324_ref036","first-page":"111","article-title":"Optimal networks of heat exchangers","volume":"65","author":"Kessler","year":"1969","journal-title":"Chem. 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