{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:29:02Z","timestamp":1767637742824,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6337,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Some weaknesses of current decision support technologies are discussed. Numerical methods have strong theoretical foundations but are representationally weak, and only deal with a small part of the decision process. Knowledge-based systems offer greater flexibility, but have not been accompanied by a clear decision theory. Theoretical development of\n                    <jats:italic>symbolic decision procedures<\/jats:italic>\n                    is advocated, an approach to the design of decision support systems based on first-order logic is presented, and work on this approach is reviewed. A central proposal is an extended form of inference called\n                    <jats:italic>argumentation<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; reasoning qualitatively for and against decision options from generalized domain theories. Argumentation captures a natural and familiar form of reasoning, and contributes to the robustness, flexibility and intelligibility of problem solving, while having a clear theoretical basis. Argumentation was developed initially for medical applications though it may have much wider applicability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888900006135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T09:34:57Z","timestamp":1246959297000},"page":"19-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Qualitative frameworks for decision support: lessons from medicine"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(90)90026-V"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wielinga R , Schreiber AT and Breuker J , 1992. \u201cKADS: A modelling approach to knowledge engineering\u201d Knowledge Acquisition: Special issue on KADS (to appear).","DOI":"10.1016\/1042-8143(92)90013-Q"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900006123"},{"volume-title":"Computer-based medical consultations: MYCIN","year":"1976","author":"Shortliffe","key":"S0269888900006135_ref032"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref031","volume-title":"Expert Judgement and Expert Systems","volume":"35","author":"Shanteau","year":"1987"},{"volume-title":"Making Decisions","year":"1985","author":"Lindley","key":"S0269888900006135_ref025"},{"volume-title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","year":"1988","author":"Pearl","key":"S0269888900006135_ref029"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4954-2"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-54659-6"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref023","unstructured":"Kulikowski CA and Weiss S , 1973. \u201cAn interactive facility for the inferential modelling of disease\u201d Proc. Princeton Conf. on Information Sciences and Systems, 524."},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(91)90035-D"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0933-3657(90)90007-E"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref017","unstructured":"Fox J and Krause P , 1991. A formal basis for argumentation and practical reasoning, ICRF technical report."},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref015","unstructured":"Fox J and Clarke M , 1991. \u201cTowards a formalisation of arguments in decision making\u201d In: Proceedings of AAAI Spring Symposium on Argumentation and Belief AAAI."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IMACS workshop on Decision Support Systems and Qualitative Reasoning","year":"1991","author":"Fox","key":"S0269888900006135_ref014"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref026","first-page":"237","article-title":"Evaluating and validating very large knowledge-based systems","volume":"15","author":"O'Neil","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medical Information"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.34.7.571"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02686861"},{"volume-title":"Decisions, Organisations and Society","year":"1971","author":"Castles","key":"S0269888900006135_ref005"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of IMACS workshop on Decision Support Systems and Qualitative Reasoning","year":"1991","author":"Parsons","key":"S0269888900006135_ref027"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cs.03.060188.000323"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1635278","article-title":"Alternatives to Bayes: A quantitative comparison with rule-based diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Fox","year":"1980","journal-title":"Methods of Information in Medicine"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900005038"},{"volume-title":"Advances in Medical Computing","year":"1975","author":"de Dombal","key":"S0269888900006135_ref011"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref028","unstructured":"Parsons S , 1991. \u201cQualitative methods for integrating uncertainty handling formalisms\u201d, Technical Report, Department of Electrical Engineering, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London."},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref016","first-page":"347","article-title":"Using predicate logic to integrate qualitative reasoning and classical decision theory","volume":"20","author":"Fox","year":"1990","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref030","unstructured":"Pople HE , 1975. \u201cDIALOG: A model of diagnostic logic for internal medicine\u201d Proc. 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Soc"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref007","unstructured":"Cheeseman P , 1985. \u201cIn defence of probability\u201d In: Proceedings of 9th International Joint Conference on AI Morgan Kaufman, 1002\u20131009."},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900000801"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511809477"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900005026"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1990.0098"},{"volume-title":"Handbook of Decision Support Systems","year":"1989","author":"Andriole","key":"S0269888900006135_ref001"},{"volume-title":"Validation, Verification and Test of Knowledge","year":"1991","author":"Ayel","key":"S0269888900006135_ref002"},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref003","unstructured":"Boden M , 1989. Benefits and risks of knowledge-based systems, Report of Council for Science and Society, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"S0269888900006135_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900006159"}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0269888900006135","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:42:25Z","timestamp":1767624145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0269888900006135\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0269888900006135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0269888900006135","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-8889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,3]]}}}