{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:28:57Z","timestamp":1767637737289,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6245,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Based on a survey of recent literature, this report aims to highlight the issues associated with the verification and validation of knowledge based systems. The confusion arising from the lack of clear terminology is considered, along with some of the characteristics of knowledge based systems that cause particular difficulties for verification and validation. The various approaches that can be adopted to address these difficulties are discussed, followed by a survey of recent research initiatives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The author concludes that many of the difficulties associated with the verification and validation of knowledge based systems are a feature of the complexity of the system being built and the manner of its development rather than of the specific technology chosen to implement it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888900006238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T09:34:55Z","timestamp":1246959295000},"page":"101-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Overview of current practice and research initiatives for the verification and validation of KBS"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"T. J.","family":"Lydiard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref018","unstructured":"Petitjean S , Brunessaux L and Vaudet J-P , 1991, \u201cThree pragmatic tools for the validation of knowledge based systems\u201d In: M. Grisoni, editor, Eurovav-91: Proceedings of the European Workshop on the Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems pp 111\u2013123."},{"volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence: Applications in the Future of Software Development Engineering","year":"1986","author":"Partridge","key":"S0269888900006238_ref016"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MEX.1987.5006538"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref010","unstructured":"Mengshoel OJ , 1991, \u201cKVAT: a tool for incremental knowledge validation in a knowledge engineering workbench: In: M. Grisoni, editor, Eurovav-91: Proceedings of the European Workshop on the Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems pp 133\u2013146."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref021","unstructured":"Stachowitz RA , Combs JB , 1987, \u201cValidation of expert systems\u201d In: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref009","first-page":"300","volume-title":"Knowledge Acquisition: Principles and Guidelines","author":"McGraw","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-8143(05)80024-X"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref006","unstructured":"Johnson RG , Joly GC and King PJH , 1987, Survey of Techniques for the Checking of Rule-Based Expert Systems. Technical report, Department of Computer Science, Birkbeck College, London."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref005","unstructured":"Inder R and Filby I , 1991, Survey of Knowledge Engineering Methods and Supporting Tools. Technical Report AIAI-TR-99, AIAI, December. (Also presented at the BCS SGES workshop on Knowledge-Based Systems Methodologies, 12 1991."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref014","first-page":"69","article-title":"Knowledge base verification","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"1987","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(89)80002-1"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref001","article-title":"Guidelines for quality assurance of expert systems","author":"Born","year":"1988","journal-title":"CSA Working Group on QA and Expert Systems"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(05)80036-7"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(87)80076-7"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref017","unstructured":"Pearce D , 1991, \u201cA model based approach to validation\u201d In: M. Grisoni, editor, Eurovav-91: Proceedings of the European Workshop on the Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems pp 55\u201367."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref007","first-page":"46","article-title":"A tool for detecting expert system errors","author":"Kang","year":"1990","journal-title":"AI Expert"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/int.4550060303"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref004","unstructured":"Hoppe T and Meseguer P , 1991, \u201cOn the terminology of VVT\u201d In: M. Grisoni, editor, Eurovav-91: Proceedings of the European Workshop on the Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems pp 103\u2013108."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref019","first-page":"43","article-title":"Loan probe: testing a big expert system","author":"Ribar","year":"1991","journal-title":"AI Expert"},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref013","unstructured":"Nguyen TA , \u201cCHECK applied to ART\u201d In: Third Conference on AI Applications Washington, DC."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref020","unstructured":"Stachowitz RA , Chang CL , Stock TS and Combs JB , 1987, \u201cBuilding validation tools for knowledge based systems.\u201d Proceedings of the SOAR Conference, Houston, TXNASA\/JSC."},{"key":"S0269888900006238_ref022","unstructured":"van Someren M , 1991, \u201cStructural and formative validation of knowledge bases\u201d In: M. Grisoni, editor, Eurovav-91: Proceedings of the European Workshop on the Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems. pp 103\u2013108"}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0269888900006238","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:42:24Z","timestamp":1767624144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0269888900006238\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0269888900006238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0269888900006238","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-8889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]}}}