{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:28:58Z","timestamp":1767637738452,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6245,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The preceding paper on the refinement of rule-based systems by Precce\n                    <jats:italic>et al.<\/jats:italic>\n                    reflects a recent, rapid growth of interest in verification and validation of knowledge based systems. Much of the literature on this subject is thinly spread over conference proceedings, professional periodicals and academic journals, so we have tried to collect together some of the more frequently cited work to assist readers interested in the area.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888900006251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T09:34:55Z","timestamp":1246959295000},"page":"143-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Verifying knowledge bases: A bibliography"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"7","member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Standards and Review Manual for Certification in Knowledge Engineering","year":"1990","author":"White","key":"S0269888900006251_ref087"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref084","first-page":"162","article-title":"Verification, testing and validation of rule-based expert systems","volume":"7","author":"Tepandi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proceedings 11th IFAC World Congress"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(90)90019-Q"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref080","unstructured":"Smith RG , Winston HA , Mitchell TM and Buchanan BG , 1985, \u201cRepresentation of use of explicit justifications for knowledge base refinement\u201d In: Proceedings 9th International Joint, Conference on Artificial Intelligence 367\u2013374, Morgan Kaufman."},{"volume-title":"Proceedings 8th International Congress on Cybernetics and Systems","year":"1990","author":"Rousset","key":"S0269888900006251_ref079"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S026988890000624X"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref075","first-page":"66","volume-title":"Research and Development in Expert Systems VI","author":"Preece","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref072","first-page":"353","volume-title":"Topics in Expert System Design","author":"Perkins","year":"1989"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(91)90157-A"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref066","unstructured":"Nguyen TA , Perkins WA , Laffey TJ and Pecora D , 1985, \u201cChecking an expert system knowledge base for consistency and completeness\u201d In: Proceedings 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence vol 1, Morgan Kaufman, 375\u2013378."},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-8143(05)80024-X"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref068","first-page":"67","article-title":"Knowledge base verification","author":"Nguyen","year":"1987","journal-title":"AI Magazine"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref062","article-title":"Acquiring domain models","volume":"26","author":"Morik","year":"1987","journal-title":"International Journal Man-Machines Studies"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref059","unstructured":"Mellis W and Ruckert M , 1989, \u201cChecking consistency in expert systems\u201d In: Proceedings 9th International Conference on Expert Systems and their Applications,Nanterre,France."},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref067","unstructured":"Nguyen TA , 1987, \u201cVerifying consistency of production systems\u201d In: Proceedings 3rd Conference on AI ApplicationsIEEE Computer Society, 4\u20138."},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref058","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","author":"Mazas","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref057","first-page":"43","article-title":"Testing the knowledge base","author":"Marcot","year":"1987","journal-title":"AI Expert"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings 3rd Int. 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Vol 2: Applications","author":"Grant","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref081","unstructured":"Stachowitz RA and Chang CL , 1989, \u201cResearch on validation of knowledge based systems\u201d In: Proceedings 2nd Conference on Verification, Validation and Test, Detroit."},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref042","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","author":"Lafon","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(91)90038-G"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(91)90036-E"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref070","unstructured":"Pau LF , 1987, \u201cPrototyping, validation and maintenance of knowledge based systems software\u201d Proceedings 3rd Annual Expert Systems in Government Conference,IEEE Catalog, 248\u2013253."},{"volume-title":"Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","year":"1991","author":"Pau","key":"S0269888900006251_ref071"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0950-5849(91)90097-U"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(91)90031-9"},{"volume-title":"Developing Expert Systems for Business Applications","year":"1990","author":"Chandler","key":"S0269888900006251_ref012"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref027","unstructured":"Green CJR and Keyes MM , 1987, \u201cVerification and validation of expert systems\u201d In: Proceedings Western Conference on Expert Systems pp 38\u201343, IEEE Press."},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/64.54673"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the IJCAI '89 Workshop on Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","year":"1989","author":"Wood","key":"S0269888900006251_ref088"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref010","unstructured":"Bull M , Duda R , Port D and Reiter J , 1987, \u201cApplying software engineering principles to knowledge base development\u201d Proceedings. First Annual Conference on Expert Systems in Business 27\u201338, New York, NY."},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-34869-8_4"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref002","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","author":"Ayel","year":"1991"},{"volume-title":"Automatic Refinements of Expert System Knowledge Bases","year":"1988","author":"Ginsburg","key":"S0269888900006251_ref021"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref028","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","author":"Grunwald","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref017","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Verification and Validation of Knowledge Based Systems","author":"Craw","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(91)90167-D"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezem M , 1990, \u201cConsistency of rule-based expert systems\u201d In: Lusk E and Overbeek R , editors, Proceedings 9th International Conference on Automated Deduction, 151\u2013161, Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0012830"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref086","unstructured":"Vignollet L and Ayel M , 1989, \u201cGenerating test sets for knowledge bases\u201d In: Proceedings 9th International Conference on Expert Systems and their Applications 247\u2013260, Nanterre,France."},{"volume-title":"Rule-based Systems","year":"1985","author":"Suwa","key":"S0269888900006251_ref083"},{"volume-title":"Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems: Representation and Inference in the CYC Project","year":"1990","author":"Lenat","key":"S0269888900006251_ref047"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4174(90)90002-C"},{"key":"S0269888900006251_ref001","unstructured":"Ayel M , 1988, \u201cProtocols for coherence checking in expert system knowledge bases\u201d In: 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