{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:28:58Z","timestamp":1767637738750,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6245,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is usually agreed that programming languages for implementing (other) programming languages, or \u2018implementation languages\u2019, should be simple low-level languages which are close to the machine code and to the operating system. In this paper it is argued that a very high level implementation language is a good idea, of particular importance for knowledge-based systems, and that Lisp (as a language and as a system) is very well suited to be a very high level implementation language. The significance of special-purpose programming languages is also discussed, and the requirements that they have for a very high level implementation language are considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888900006263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T09:34:55Z","timestamp":1246959295000},"page":"147-155","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge-based systems, Lisp, and very high level implementation languages"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eric","family":"Sandewall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref019","unstructured":"Teitelman W , 1969, \u201cToward a programming laboratory\u201d In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp 1\u20138."},{"volume-title":"Intelligent Machinery: Theory and 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In: Proceedings 6th Conference on Very Large Data Bases."},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref009","unstructured":"Risch T , 1978, Compilation of Multiple File Queries in a Meta-database system PhD thesis, Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden."},{"volume-title":"Workshop on Automating Software Design at IJCAI 1989","year":"1989","author":"Komorowski","key":"S0269888900006263_ref008"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings 9th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","year":"1982","author":"Komorowski","key":"S0269888900006263_ref007"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings Fifth Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","year":"1978","author":"Haraldsson","key":"S0269888900006263_ref005"},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref003","unstructured":"Emanuelsson P , 1980, Performance Enhancement in a Well-structured Pattern Matcher through Partial Evaluation PhD thesis, Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden."},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emanuelsson P and Haraldsson A , 1980, \u201cOn compiling embedded languages in LISP\u201d In: Proceedings Conference on LISP, Stanford, CA.","DOI":"10.1145\/800087.802808"},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(76)90011-4"},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref004","unstructured":"Haraldsson A , 1977, A Program Manipulation System Based on Partial Evaluation PhD thesis, Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden."},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356715.356719"},{"volume-title":"Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs","year":"1985","author":"Sussman","key":"S0269888900006263_ref018"},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref006","unstructured":"Komorowski HJ , 1981, A Specification of an Abstract Prolog Machine and its Application to Partial Evaluation PhD thesis, Link\u00f6ping University, Sweden."},{"key":"S0269888900006263_ref017","unstructured":"Sandewall E , 1988, \u201cFuture developments in artificial intelligence\u201d In: European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp 707\u2013715, invited paper."}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering 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