{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:30:03Z","timestamp":1767637803800,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5242,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\u201cIntegration of Machine Learning and Knowledge Acquisition\u201d may be a surprising title for an ECAI-94 workshop, since most machine learning (ML) systems are intended for knowledge acquisition (KA). So what seems problematic about integrating ML and KA? The answer lies in the difference between the approaches developed by what is referred to as ML and KA research. Apart from sonic major exceptions, such as learning apprentice tools (Mitchell et al., 1989), or libraries like the Machine Learning Toolbox (MLT Consortium, 1993), most ML algorithms have been described without any characterization in terms of real application needs, in terms of what they could be effectively useful for. Although ML methods have been applied to \u201creal world\u201d problems few general and reusable conclusions have been drawn from these knowledge acquisition experiments. As ML techniques become more and more sophisticated and able to produce various forms of knowledge, the number of possible applications grows. ML methods tend then to be more precisely specified in terms of the domain knowledge initially required, the control knowledge to be set and the nature of the system output (MLT Consortium, 1993; Kodratoff et al., 1994).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s026988890000730x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]],"date-time":"2009-07-07T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1246959265000},"page":"77-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integration of Machine Learning and Knowledge Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"N\u00e9dellec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref014","unstructured":"Mladenic D , Bratko I , Paul RJ and Grobelnik M , 1994. \u201cKnowledge acquisition for discrete event systems using machine learning\u201d In: Proc. ECA1\u201394 Workshop on integration of ML and KA, pp 29\u201336."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref004","unstructured":"B\u00f6rner K and Janetzko D , 1994. \u201cCase-based learning for knowledge-based design support\u201d In: Proc. ECAI-94 Workshop on Integration of ML and KA, pp 12\u201318."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref005","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Machine Learning 4","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"1989"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref009","unstructured":"Feldman R and N\u00e9dellec C , 1994. \u201cA framework for specifying explicit bias for revision of approximate knowledge bases.\u201d In: Gaines B and Musen M (eds.), Proc. Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (KAW-94), pp 15.1\u201315.19."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref026","unstructured":"Van de Velde W and Aamodt A , 1992. \u201cMachine learning issues in CommonKADS, ESPRIT Project KADS-II\u201d."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref007","unstructured":"Dompseler HJH and Van Someren M , 1994. \u201cUsing models of problem solving as bias in automated knowledge acquisition.\u201d In: Cohn AG (ed.), Proc. EcAI-94, pp 499\u2013503."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref008","unstructured":"Feldman R , 1994. \u201cFRST\u2013 an interactive revision system for forward chaining rule bases\u201d In: Proc. ECA 1\u201394 Workshop on Integration of ML and KA, pp 19\u201328."},{"volume-title":"Learning and Knowledge Level, MLnet Workshop","year":"1994","author":"Van","key":"S026988890000730X_ref027"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref024","unstructured":"Thomas J , 1994. \u201cLearning within a problem solving method: An empirical evaluation.\u201d In: Proc. ECA1\u201394 Workshop on Integration of ML and KA, pp 51\u201357."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref002","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Enhancing the Knowledge Engineering Process\u2014Contributions from ESPRIT","author":"Anjewierden","year":"1992"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref019","unstructured":"N\u00e9dellec C and Rouveirol C , 1994. \u201cSpecification of the HAIKU system.\u201d Report 928, University of Paris- South."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref003","unstructured":"Bisson G , 1994. \u201cFrom inductive learning to knowledge acquisition through explanations\u201d In: Proc. EJAI-94 Workshop on Inegration of ML and KA, pp 1\u201311."},{"volume-title":"Machine Learning, Meta-Reasoning and Logics","year":"1990","author":"Grosof","key":"S026988890000730X_ref012"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ad\u00e9 H , De Raedt L and Bruynooghe M , 1995. \u201cDeclarative bias for specific-to-general ILP systems\u201d Machine Learning (to appear).","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00993477"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref006","unstructured":"Consortium MLT, 1993. \u201cFinal Public Report.\u201d Esprit II Project 2154."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08839519408945431"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref015","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Readings in Machine Learning","author":"Mitchell","year":"1991"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref016","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Machine Learning III: An Artificial Intelligence Approach","author":"Mitchell","year":"1989"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref017","first-page":"171","volume-title":"Proc. 6th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW-92)","author":"N\u00e9dellec","year":"1992"},{"volume-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence Journal","year":"1995","author":"N\u00e9dellec","key":"S026988890000730X_ref018"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref020","unstructured":"Park YT and Sung-Hee K , 1994. \u201cKnowledge base refinement by failure driven approach.\u201d In: Proc. ECAI-94 Workshop on integration of ML and KA, pp 37\u201343."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref021","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Proc. 8th European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW-94)","author":"Rouveirol","year":"1994"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref022","unstructured":"Tausend B , 1994. \u201cModelling inductive learning for knowledge acquisition tasks.\u201d In: Proc. ECAI-94 Workshop on integration of ML and KA, pp 45\u201349."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref023","unstructured":"Tecuci G , Kedar S and Kodratoff Y , 1993. Proc. IJCAI-93 Workshop on Machine Learning and Knowledge Acquisition: Common issues, Contrasting Methods, and Integrated Approaches."},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref025","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Machine Learning: An artificial intelligence approach","author":"Utgoff","year":"1986"},{"volume-title":"Knowledge Level Modelling and Machine Learning","year":"1995","author":"Fensel","key":"S026988890000730X_ref010"},{"key":"S026988890000730X_ref011","first-page":"396","volume-title":"Proc. ECML 93","author":"Ganascia","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S026988890000730X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:42:47Z","timestamp":1767624167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S026988890000730X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S026988890000730X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s026988890000730x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-8889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}}}