{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:35:46Z","timestamp":1767638146688,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1172707200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The vision of future electronic marketplaces (e-markets) is that of markets being populated by autonomous intelligent entities\u2014software, trading, e-agents\u2014representing their users or owners and conducting business on their behalf. For this vision to materialize, one fundamental issue that needs to be addressed is that of trust. First, users need to be able to trust that the agents will do what they say they do. Second, they need to be confident that their privacy is protected and that the security risks involved in entrusting agents to perform transactions on their behalf are minimized. Finally, users need to be assured that any legal issues relating to agents trading electronically are fully covered as they are in traditional trading practices. In this paper we consider the barriers for the adoption of agent technology in electronic commerce (e-commerce) which pertain to trust, security and legal issues. We discuss the perceived risks of the use of agents in e-commerce and the fundamental issue of trust in this context. Issues regarding security, and how some of these can be addressed through the use of cryptography, are described. The impact of the use of agent technology on the users' privacy and how it can be both protected as well as hindered by it is also examined. Finally, we discuss the legal issues that arise in agent-mediated e-commerce and discuss the idea of attributing to software agents the status of legal persons or e-persons and the various implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888907001014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T09:12:35Z","timestamp":1180084355000},"page":"3-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["On agent technology for e-commerce: trust, security and legal issues"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"MARIA","family":"FASLI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref027","first-page":"395","article-title":"Flood control on the information ocean: living with anonymity, digital cash, and distributed databases","volume":"15","author":"Froomkin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Law and Commerce"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref026","unstructured":"Froomkin A. M. 1995 Anonymity and its enmities. Journal of Online Law Art. 4. Available at http:\/\/www.wm.edu\/law\/publications\/jol\/95_96\/froomkin.html"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.35.1.1"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijlit\/9.3.204"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900008122"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511808678"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022850703159"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS-00), Brisbane, Australia, December 10\u201313","year":"2000","author":"Dellarocas","key":"S0269888907001014_ref017"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reagle J. M. Jr. 1996 Trust in electronic markets: the convergence of cryptographers and economists. First Monday. Available at: www.firstmonday.dk\/issues\/issue2\/markets\/.","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v1i2.475"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Trading Agent Design and Analysis Workshop (TADA), Acapulco, Mexico","year":"2004","author":"Arunachalam","key":"S0269888907001014_ref003"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref040","unstructured":"Marsh S. 1994 Formalising trust as a computational concept. PhD thesis, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Stirling, UK."},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139208967392"},{"volume-title":"Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations","year":"1990","author":"Luhmann","key":"S0269888907001014_ref038"},{"volume-title":"Don't Do, Delegate!","year":"1985","author":"Jenks","key":"S0269888907001014_ref032"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-004-6250-z"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/643477.643479"},{"volume-title":"Bots and Other Internet Beasties","year":"1996","author":"Krulwich","key":"S0269888907001014_ref034"},{"volume-title":"login:Magazine","year":"1998","author":"Martin","key":"S0269888907001014_ref041"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2003.1209014","article-title":"On agent-mediated electronic commerce","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"volume-title":"Intelligent Information Agents: Agent-Based Information Discovery and Management on the Internet","year":"1999","author":"Tschudin","key":"S0269888907001014_ref064"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/295685.295716"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-004-0815-8"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5489(03)00003-5"},{"volume-title":"Human Factors in Hazardous Situations","year":"1990","author":"Norman","key":"S0269888907001014_ref047"},{"volume-title":"Internet Security: Cryptographic Principles, Algorithms and Protocols","year":"2003","author":"Rhee","key":"S0269888907001014_ref055"},{"volume-title":"Mass Customisation","year":"1999","author":"Pine","key":"S0269888907001014_ref051"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Law of Electronic Agents Workshop (LEA-03), Edinburgh, UK","year":"2003","author":"Brazier","key":"S0269888907001014_ref008"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS-02), Bologna, Italy","year":"2002","author":"Menczer","key":"S0269888907001014_ref043"},{"volume-title":"Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards","year":"2003","author":"Stallings","key":"S0269888907001014_ref063"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref025","unstructured":"Fasli M. 2006 Shopbots: A syntactic present, a semantic future. IEEE Internet Computing 10(6), 69\u201375."},{"volume-title":"The Limits of Trust","year":"1998","author":"Baker","key":"S0269888907001014_ref005"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2003.1167344"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2003.1249168"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijlit\/9.3.275"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/245108.245121"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/228791"},{"volume-title":"Reputation, Image and Impression Management","year":"1993","author":"Bromley","key":"S0269888907001014_ref010"},{"volume-title":"Leadership: The Art of Delegation","year":"1993","author":"Oates","key":"S0269888907001014_ref049"},{"volume-title":"Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce, 1st International Workshop on Agent Mediated Electronic Trading (AMET\u201998), Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1571)","year":"1999","author":"Guttman","key":"S0269888907001014_ref029"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS\u201902), Bologna, Italy, July 15\u201319","year":"2002","author":"Yu","key":"S0269888907001014_ref074"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Law of Electronic Agents Workshop (LEA-04), Rome, Italy","year":"2004","author":"Andrade","key":"S0269888907001014_ref001"},{"volume-title":"Foundations and Applications of Multi-agent Systems: UKMAS Workshops 1996\u20132000, Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 2403).","year":"2002","author":"Sierra","key":"S0269888907001014_ref062"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2002.1067736"},{"volume-title":"Trust in Electronic Commerce: The Role of Trust from a Legal, an Organizational and a Technical Point of View","year":"2002","author":"Geurts","key":"S0269888907001014_ref028"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref046","first-page":"485","article-title":"Trust between humans and machines and the design of decision aids","volume":"46","author":"Muir","year":"1987","journal-title":"International Journal of Man\u2013Machine Studies"},{"volume-title":"Trust and Power: Two Works","year":"1979","author":"Luhmann","key":"S0269888907001014_ref037"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of theWorkshop on the Law of Electronic Agents (LEA 2002), Bologna, Italy, July 13","year":"2002","author":"Sartor","key":"S0269888907001014_ref058"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Law of Electronic Agents Workshop (LEA-02): Selected Revised Papers, Bologna, Italy, July 13","year":"2002","author":"Weitzenbock","key":"S0269888907001014_ref069"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the Regulated Agent-based Social Systems: Theory and Applications Workshop (RASTA\u201902), Bologna, Italy","year":"2002","author":"Dignum","key":"S0269888907001014_ref021"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref059","first-page":"245","article-title":"Disseminating trust information in wearable communities","volume":"4","author":"Schneider","year":"2000","journal-title":"Personal and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref031","unstructured":"Jansen W. & Karygiannis T. 1999 Mobile agent security. Technical Report NIST Special Publication 800-19, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Available at csrc.nist.gov\/publications\/nistpubs\/."},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/355112.355122"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the AFIPS National Computer Conference, New York","year":"1976","author":"Diffie","key":"S0269888907001014_ref019"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref013","unstructured":"Child M. & Linketscher N. 2001 Trust issues and user reactions to e-services and electronic marketplaces: a customer survey. Technical Report HPL-2001-32, Hewlett Packard, Trusted E-Services Laboratory, HP Laboratories, Bristol."},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref042","first-page":"699","article-title":"Auctions and bidding","volume":"25","author":"McAfee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS), Dallas, TX","year":"2001","author":"Youll","key":"S0269888907001014_ref073"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI, Seattle, WA","year":"2001","author":"Bickmore","key":"S0269888907001014_ref006"},{"volume-title":"Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce II, Towards Next-Generation Agent-Based Electronic Commerce Systems, IJCAI 1999 Workshop (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1788), Stockholm, Sweden","year":"1999","author":"Dellarocas","key":"S0269888907001014_ref018"},{"volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology: Proceedings of CRYPTO\u201982 Conference, Santa Barbara, CA","year":"1982","author":"Chaum","key":"S0269888907001014_ref012"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS-04), New York, NY","year":"2004","author":"Falcone","key":"S0269888907001014_ref024"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Trust Management (iTrust) (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 3477)","year":"2005","author":"Michalakopoulos","key":"S0269888907001014_ref044"},{"volume-title":"Advances in Group Processes","year":"1999","author":"Kollock","key":"S0269888907001014_ref033"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd ACM conference on Electronic commerce (EC-00), Minneapolis, MN","year":"2000","author":"Dellarocas","key":"S0269888907001014_ref016"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th BILETA Conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","year":"2002","author":"Apistola","key":"S0269888907001014_ref002"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-004-6488-5"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691214542","volume-title":"The Economics of E-commerce","author":"Vulkan","year":"2003"},{"volume-title":"The Evolution of Cooperation","year":"1984","author":"Axelrod","key":"S0269888907001014_ref004"},{"volume-title":"Towards The E-Society: E-Commerce, E-Business, and E-Government, Proceedings of the 1st IFIP Conference on E-Commerce, E-Business, E-Government (I3E 2001), Zurich, Switzerland","year":"2001","author":"Riegelsberger","key":"S0269888907001014_ref056"},{"volume-title":"Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce, The European AgentLink Perspective (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1991)","year":"2001","author":"Esteva","key":"S0269888907001014_ref023"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref065","unstructured":"Ulfelder S. June 2000 Undercover Agents. Computer World. Available at www.computerworld.com\/news\/2000\/story\/0,11280,45452,00.html."},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44682-6","volume-title":"Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce, The European AgentLink Perspective (Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1991)","author":"Dignum","year":"2001"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomous Agents (Agents 97), Marina del Rey, CA","year":"1997","author":"Doorenbos","key":"S0269888907001014_ref022"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1019678032000062212"},{"key":"S0269888907001014_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0933-3657(03)00005-8"}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0269888907001014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:43:44Z","timestamp":1767624224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0269888907001014\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0269888907001014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0269888907001014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-8889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}