{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:37:44Z","timestamp":1767638264802,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]],"date-time":"2012-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343260800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Air traffic management (ATM) under its current paradigm is reaching its structural limits considering the continuously growing demand. The need for a decrease in traffic workload opens numerous problems for optimization, from capacity balancing to conflict solving, using many different degrees of freedom, such as re-routing, flight-level changes, or ground-holding schemes. These problems are usually of a large dimension (there are 30 000 daily flights in Europe in the year 2012) and highly combinatorial, hence challenging for current problem solving technologies. We give brief tutorials on ATM and constraint programming (CP), and survey the literature on deploying CP technology for modelling and solving combinatorial problems that occur in an ATM context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888912000215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]],"date-time":"2012-07-26T05:43:52Z","timestamp":1343281432000},"page":"361-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Constraint programming for air traffic management: a survey"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Cyril","family":"Allignol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Barnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Flener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref39","unstructured":"EUROCONTROL. 2011. As the Crow Flies\u2014Free Route Airspace Maastricht. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/system\/files\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/documents\/2011march-free-route-airspace-maastricht.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delahaye D. , Schoenauer M. , Alliot J.-M. 1998. Airspace sectoring by evolutionary computation. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 218\u2013223. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEC.1998.699504"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref34","unstructured":"Degrand J. , Mercier E. 2000. Load Capacity Constraint Regulation. EEC Note 02\/2000, EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/eec\/gallery\/content\/public\/document\/eec\/report\/2000\/003_Load_Capacity_Constraint_Regulation.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref59","unstructured":"ITA. 2000. Cost of Air Transport Delay in Europe, Paris, France. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/documents\/single-sky\/pru\/publications\/other\/cost-of-air-transport-delay-in-eu-ita.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref32","unstructured":"Dalichampt M. , Petit E. , Junker U. , Lebreton J. 2001. Innovative Slot Allocation: an overview. EEC Note No. 10\/01, EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre, Br\u00e9tigny, France. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/eec\/gallery\/content\/public\/document\/eec\/report\/2001\/016_Innovative_Slot_Allocation.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref69","unstructured":"QinetiQ. 2004. Complexity Algorithm Development: the Algorithm. Technical report, EUROCONTROL EATMP Infocentre and QinetiQ."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref28","unstructured":"Choco Team. 2010. Choco: An Open Source Java Constraint Programming Library. Research report 10-02-INFO, \u00c9cole des Mines de Nantes. Available at http:\/\/choco.emn.fr\/"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kameugne R. , Fotso L. P. , Scott J. , Ngo-Kateu Y. 2011. A quadratic edge-finding filtering algorithm for cumulative resource constraints. In Proceedings of CP'11, the 17th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS, 6876, Lee, J. (ed), 478\u2013492. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23786-7_37"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref27","unstructured":"Chemla D. , Diaz D. , Kerlirzin P. , Manchon S. 1995. Using CLP(FD) to support air traffic flow management. In Proceedings of PAP'95, the 3rd International Conference on Practical Applications of Prolog, Paris, France, Roth, A. & Marien, A. (eds). Alinmead Software Ltd."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref54","unstructured":"Hildum D. W. , Smith S. F. 2007. Constructing conflict-free schedules in space and time. In Proceedings of ICAPS'07, the 17th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling, Boddy, M. S., Fox, M. & Thi\u00e9baux, S. (eds), 184\u2013191. AAAI Press (Extended version in this volume)."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carlsson M. , Ottosson G. , Carlson B. 1997. An open-ended finite domain constraint solver. In Proceedings of PLILP'97, Glaser, H., Hartel, P. & Kuchen, H. (eds), LNCS, 1292, 191\u2013206. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0033845"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnier N. , Allignol C. 2012. Trajectory deconfliction with constraint programming. Knowledge Engineering Review 27, 291\u2013307. Special Issue on Constraint Programming for Air Traffic Management.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888912000227"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref24","unstructured":"Brisset P. , Rivi\u00e8re T. 2005. Shortest path in planar graph and air route network. In Proceedings of INO'05, the 4th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition. Available at http:\/\/inoworkshop.eurocontrol.fr\/Previous\/index-53745.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref23","unstructured":"Boussemart F. , Hemery F. , Lecoutre C. , Sais L. 2004. Boosting systematic search by weighting constraints. In Proceedings of ECAI'04, the 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, L\u00f3pez de M\u00e1ntaras, R. & Saitta, L. (ed), 146\u2013150. IOS Press."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref38","unstructured":"Duong V. N. , Hoffman E. , Nicolaon J.-P. 1997. Initial results of investigation into autonomous aircraft concept (freer-1). In Proceedings of ATM'97, the 1st USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Fron, X. & McLaurin, H. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar1\/papers\/p_018_ASSP.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref70","unstructured":"R\u00e9gin J.-C. 1994. A filtering algorithm for constraints of difference in CSPs. In Proceedings of AAAI'94, the 12th (US) National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Hayes-Roth, B. & Korf, R. E. (eds), 362\u2013367. AAAI Press."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berge M. E. , Haraldsdottir A. , Scharl J. 2006. The multiple runway planner (MRP): modeling and analysis for arrival planning. In Proceedings of DASC'06, the 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 1\u201311. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2006.313684"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref51","unstructured":"Granger G. , Durand N. , Alliot J.-M. 2001. Optimal resolution of en route conflicts. In Proceedings of ATM'01, the 4th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management. Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/articles\/atm2001geraud.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANOR.0000032574.01332.98"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia de la Banda M. , Marriott K. , Rafeh R. , Wallace M. 2006. The modelling language Zinc. In F. Benhamou, editor, Proceedings of CP'06, the 12th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS, 4204, 700\u2013705. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/11889205_54"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.37.4.368.23276"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bleuzen-Guernalec N. , Colmerauer A. 1997. Narrowing a 2n-block of sorting in O(n log n). In Proceedings of CP'97, the 3rd International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS, 1330, Smolka, G. (ed). Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0017426"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beldiceanu N. , Carlsson M. , Petit T. 2004. Deriving filtering algorithms from constraint checkers. In Proceedings of CP'04, the 10th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS, 3258, Wallace, M. (ed), 107\u2013122. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30201-8_11"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duong V. , Gawinowski G. , Nicolaon J.-P. , Smith D. 2001. Sector-less air traffic management. In Proceedings of ATM'01, the 4th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, McLaurin, H. (ed). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar4\/papers\/p_158_NC.pdf","DOI":"10.2514\/atcq.10.4.379"},{"volume-title":"Stochastic Local Search: Foundations and Applications","year":"2004","author":"Hoos","key":"S0269888912000215_ref57"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gianazza D. , Guittet K. 2006. Selection and evaluation of air traffic complexity metrics. In Proceedings of DASC'06, the 25th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE. Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/articles\/dasc25_307giana.pdf","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2006.313710"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref72","first-page":"2006","volume-title":"Handbook of Constraint Programming","author":"Rossi","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10601-006-9010-8"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511607400"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundequist Blomdahl K. , Flener P. , Pearson J. 2010a. Contingency plans for air traffic management. In Proceedings of CP'10, the 16th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS, 6308, Cohen, D. (ed), 643\u2013657. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15396-9_50"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayen A. M. , Tomlin C. J. , Ye Y. , Zhang J. 2004. An approximation algorithm for scheduling aircraft with holding time. In Proceedings of CDC'04, the 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 3, 2760\u20132767. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/CDC.2004.1428880"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref71","unstructured":"R\u00e9gin J.-C. 1996. Generalized arc-consistency for global cardinality constraint. In Proceedings of AAAI'96, the 13th (US) National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Weld, D. & Clancey, B. (eds), 209\u2013215. AAAI Press."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref31","unstructured":"Cook A. J. , Tanner G. , Anderson S. 2004. Evaluating the true cost to airlines of one minute of airborne or ground delay: final report. Technical report, EUROCONTROL and University of Westminster. Available at http:\/\/westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk\/17\/1\/Cook%2CTanner%2CAnderson_2004_final.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref74","unstructured":"SESAR Consortium. 2007. SESAR Concept of Operations. Technical Report DLT-0612-222-01-00, SESAR Consortium. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/documents\/sesar\/20070717-sesar-conops.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref83","unstructured":"van Leeuwen P. , van Hanxleden Houwert N. 2003. Scheduling aircraft using constraint relaxation. In Proceedings of the 22nd Workshop of the UK Planning and Scheduling Special Interest Group. Available at http:\/\/planning.cis.strath.ac.uk\/plansig\/pastsigs\/glasgow-22\/PimVanLeeuwen.pdf.gz"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref20","unstructured":"Bichot C. E. , Durand N. 2007. A tool to design functional airspace blocks. In Proceedings of ATM'07, the 7th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Saunders-Hodge, S. & Duong, V. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar7\/papers\/p_169_DAM.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref3","unstructured":"Alliot J.-M. , Durand N. , Granger G. 2001. A statistical analysis of the influence of vertical and ground speed errors on conflict probe. In Proceedings of ATM'01, the 4th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management. Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar4\/papers\/p_118_DSTCDM.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref29","unstructured":"Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA). 2009. CODA Digest\u2014Delays to Air Transport in Europe. Technical report, EUROCONTROL\u2014Central Office for Delay Analysis. Available at http:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/documents\/official-documents\/facts-and-figures\/coda-reports\/coda-reports-2009.zip"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Artiouchine K. , Baptiste P. , D\u00fcrr C. 2008a. Runway sequencing with holding patterns. European Journal of Operational Research 189 (3), 1254\u20131266. (Early version in Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Discrete Optimization Methods in Production and Logistics, 96\u2013101. Omsk\u2013Irkutsk, Russia, 2004.).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.06.076"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2007.05.001"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref22","unstructured":"Bontemps C. , Guittet K. 2004. Commentaires sur l\u2019\u00e9tude de l'Universit\u00e9 de Westminster portant sur les co\u00fbts des d\u00e9lais ATC. Note technique, Centre d\u2019\u00c9tudes de la Navigation A\u00e9rienne."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref9","unstructured":"Barnier N. 2002. Application de la programmation par contraintes \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes de gestion du trafic a\u00e9rien. PhD thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France. Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/thesis\/barnier.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref85","unstructured":"Villiers J. 2004. Automatisation du contr\u00f4le de la circulation a\u00e9rienne : ERASMUS\u2014Une voie conviviale pour franchir le mur de la capacit\u00e9, ITA \u00e9tudes & documents, 58. Institut du Transport A\u00e9rien."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.46.3.406"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1479-4"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.1070.0234"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref10","unstructured":"Barnier N. , Allignol C. 2009. 4D-trajectory deconfliction through departure time adjustment. In Proceedings of ATM'09, the 8th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Saunders-Hodge, S. & Duong, V. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar8\/papers\/p_143_NSTFO.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref41","unstructured":"Feydy T. , Barnier N. , Brisset P. , Durand N. 2005. Mixed conflict model for air traffic control. In Interval Analysis, Constraint Propagation, Applications (IntCP 2005), a workshop of CP 2005. Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/articles\/intcp2005.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3233\/AOP-2012-0013","article-title":"Contingency plans for air traffic flow and capacity management using constraint programming","volume":"1","author":"Sundequist Blomdahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Aerospace Operations"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref42","unstructured":"Flener P. , Pearson J. , \u00c5gren M. , Garcia Avello C. , \u00c7eliktin M. , Dissing S. 2007a. Air-traffic complexity resolution in multi-sector planning using constraint programming. In Proceedings of ATM'07, the 7th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Pusch, C. & Saunders-Hodge, S. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar7\/papers\/p_023_IAC.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref46","unstructured":"Gecode Team. 2006. Gecode: a generic constraint development environment. Available at http:\/\/www.gecode.org\/"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref48","unstructured":"Gianazza D. , Alliot J.-M. , Granger G. 2002. Optimal combinations of air traffic control sectors using classical and stochastic methods. In The 2002 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence IC-AI'02. Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/articles\/intl02_gianazza_alliot2.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref11","unstructured":"Barnier N. , Allignol C. 2011. Combining flight level allocation with ground holding to optimize 4D-deconfliction. In Proceedings of ATM'11, the 9th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Saunders-Hodge, S. & Duong, V. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar9\/papers\/157-Barnier-Final-Paper-4-5-11.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Junker U. 2012. Air traffic flow management with heuristic repair. Knowledge Engineering Review, this issue. Special Issue on Constraint Programming for Air Traffic Management.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888912000240"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundequist Blomdahl K. , Flener P. , Pearson J. 2010b. Contingency plans for air traffic flow and capacity management. In Proceedings of INO'10, the 9th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition, Schaefer, D. (ed). Available at http:\/\/inoworkshop.eurocontrol.fr\/2010\/download.php?pid=147_21277","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15396-9_50"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref49","first-page":"70","volume-title":"Modern Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Problems","author":"Glover","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gotlieb A. 2012. TCAS software verification using constraint programming. Knowledge Engineering Review, this issue. Special Issue on Constraint Programming for Air Traffic Management.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888912000252"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(99)00084-3"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1132973.1132980"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref53","unstructured":"Hassani Bijarbooneh F. , Flener P. , Pearson J. 2009. Dynamic demand-capacity balancing for air traffic management using constraint-based local search: first results. In Proceedings of LSCS'09, the 6th International Workshop on Local Search Techniques in Constraint Satisfaction, Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science, 5, Deville, Y. & Solnon, C. (eds), 27\u201340. Available at http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4204\/EPTCS.5.3. (Also in: Schaefer, D. (ed), Proceedings of INO'09, the 8th EUROCONTROL Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition, 2009)."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hildum D. W. , Smith S. F. 2012. Scheduling safe movement of air traffic in crowded air spaces. Knowledge Engineering Review 27, 307\u2013331. Special Issue on Constraint Programming for Air Traffic Management.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888912000239"},{"volume-title":"Integrated Methods for Optimization","year":"2007","author":"Hooker","key":"S0269888912000215_ref56"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2000.820324"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref58","unstructured":"International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 1996. Procedures for air navigation services\u2014rules of the air and air traffic services. Document 4444, International Civil Aviation Organization. Current edition available at http:\/\/store1.icao.int\/documentItemView.ch2?ID=7139"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref40","unstructured":"FAA. 2011. NextGen Implementation Plan. Technical Report 202-493-4939, Federal Aviation Administration. Available at http:\/\/www.faa.gov\/nextgen\/media\/ng2011_implementation_plan.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref60","unstructured":"J\u00e4gare P. 2011. Airspace Sectorisation Using Constraint Programming. Master's thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden, Report IT 11 021, Faculty of Science and Technology. Available at http:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155783"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref63","unstructured":"Kerlirzin P. , Manchon S. , Plusquellec C. , Gotteland J.-B. 2000. Building and evaluating a minimal regulation scheme. In Proceedings of ATM'00, the 3rd USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Napoli, Italy, Saunders-Hodge, S. & Duong, V. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar3\/papers\/p_035_AMSMP.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesant G. 2004. A regular language membership constraint for finite sequences of variables. In Proceedings of CP'04, the 10th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, LNCS, 3258, Wallace, M. (ed), 482\u2013495. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30201-8_36"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-9236(02)00066-0"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref26","unstructured":"Central Flow Management Unit (CFMU). 2011. Basic CFMU Handbook\u2014General & CFMU Systems, 15.0 edition. EUROCONTROL\/Central Flow Management Unit. Available at http:\/\/www.cfmu.eurocontrol.int\/cfmu\/gallery\/content\/public\/library\/handbook_supplements\/basic_handbook\/docu_general_systems_latest.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref33","unstructured":"Deau R. , Gotteland J.-B. , Durand N. 2009. Airport surface management and runways scheduling. In Proceedings of ATM'09, the 8th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, Saunders-Hodge, S. & Duong, V. (eds). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar8\/papers\/p_081_AO.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref67","unstructured":"Musialek B. , Munafo C. F. , Ryan H. , Paglione M. 2010. Literature Survey of Trajectory Predictor Technology. Technical Report DOT\/FAA-AJP-661, Federal Aviation Administration. Available at http:\/\/acy.tc.faa.gov\/cpat\/docs\/SepMgmtResearchSurveyTechNoteFinalDeliveryNov2010.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref73","first-page":"48","article-title":"Nogood recording for static and dynamic constraint satisfaction problems","volume":"3","author":"Schiex","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Tools"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7177(93)90068-A"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref2","unstructured":"Alliot J.-M. , Colin de Verdi\u00e8re D. 2003. ATM: 20 ans d'effort et perspectives. In Symposium de l'Acad\u00e9mie Nationale de l'Air et de l'Espace: vers l'automatisation du vol et sa gestion. Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/articles\/anae03.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/ro:2005005"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref75","unstructured":"STATFOR. 2010. EUROCONTROL Long-term Forecast: IFR Flight Movements 2010\u20132030. Technical Report 10\/11\/22-134, EUROCONTROL\u2014Air Traffic Statistics and Forecasts, Brussels, Belgium. Available at https:\/\/www.eurocontrol.int\/sites\/default\/files\/content\/documents\/official-documents\/forecasts\/long-term-forecast-2010-2030.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref81","unstructured":"Van Hentenryck P. , Carillon J.-P. 1988. Generality versus specificity: an experience with AI and OR techniques. In Proceedings of AAAI'88, the 7th (US) National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Mitchell, T. & Smith, R. (eds), 660\u2013664. AAAI Press."},{"volume-title":"Online Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization","year":"2006","author":"Van Hentenryck","key":"S0269888912000215_ref80"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref14","unstructured":"Barnier N. , Brisset P. , Rivi\u00e8re T. 2001. Slot allocation with constraint programming: models and results. In Proceedings of ATM'01, the 4th USA\/Europe R&D Seminar on Air Traffic Management, McLaurin, H. (ed). Available at http:\/\/www.atmseminar.org\/seminarContent\/seminar4\/papers\/p_119_ITFODM.pdf"},{"volume-title":"Constraint-Based Local Search","year":"2005","author":"Van Hentenryck","key":"S0269888912000215_ref82"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vela A. , Solak S. , F\u00e9ron E. , Feigh K. , Singhose W. , Clarke J.-P. 2009. A fuel optimal and reduced controller workload optimization model for conflict resolution. In Proceedings of DASC'09, the 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE.","DOI":"10.1109\/DASC.2009.5347517"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref86","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Selected and Invited Papers of CSCLP'06","author":"Wallace","year":"2007a."},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delahaye D. , Alliot J.-M. , Schoenauer M. , Farges J.-L. 1995. Genetic algorithms for automatic regroupment of air traffic control sectors. In Proceedings of the 4th Annual Conference on Evolutionary Programming (EP'95). Available at http:\/\/pom.tls.cena.fr\/papers\/articles\/ep95.pdf","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2887.003.0057"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref30","unstructured":"Cook A. J. , Tanner G. 2009. The challenge of managing airline delay costs. In Summer School\/Workshop on Air Traffic Management Economics, Belgrade, Serbia. Available at http:\/\/www.garsonline.de\/Downloads\/090910\/Papers\/Paper_Cook%20%20Tanner.pdf"},{"key":"S0269888912000215_ref87","unstructured":"Wallace M. 2007b. Constraint programming\u2014the paradigm to watch. Constraint Programming Letters 1, 7\u201313. Special Issue on the Next 10 Years of Constraint Programming. Available at http:\/\/www.constraint-programming.org\/letters\/Papers\/v1\/wallace.pdf"}],"container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0269888912000215","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:44:07Z","timestamp":1767624247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0269888912000215\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["In memory of Pascal Brisset"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]]}},"alternative-id":["S0269888912000215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0269888912000215","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-8889","1469-8005"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0269-8889"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1469-8005"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]]}}}