{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:26:52Z","timestamp":1772994412606,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]],"date-time":"2013-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361404800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since the end of the 1990s, there has been an increasing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) planning techniques to solve real-life problems. In addition to characteristics of academic problems, such as the need to reason about actions, real-life problems require detailed knowledge elicitation, engineering, and management. A systematic design process in which Knowledge and Requirements Engineering tools play a fundamental role is necessary in such applications. One of the main challenges in such design process, and consequently in the study of Knowledge Engineering in AI planning, has been the analysis of requirements and their subsequent transformation into an input-ready model for planners. itSIMPLE is a research project dedicated to the study of a project process to support the design phases of real-life planning models. In this paper, we give an overview of itSIMPLE focusing on the main translation processes among a minimal set of representations: from requirements represented in Unified Modeling Language (UML) to Petri Nets and from UML models to planning domain definition language for problem solving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888912000434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,18]],"date-time":"2013-02-18T19:25:55Z","timestamp":1361215555000},"page":"215-230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["itSIMPLE: towards an integrated design system for real planning applications"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Tiago S.","family":"Vaquero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Tonidandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Christopher Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref30","unstructured":"Vaquero T. S. , Silva J. R. , Ferreira M. , Tonidandel F. , Beck J. C. 2009 b. From requirements and analysis to PDDL in itSIMPLE3.0. In Proceedings of the 3rd ICKEPS, ICAPS 2009, Thessaloniki, Greece, 54\u201361."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref28","unstructured":"Vaquero T. S. , Romero V. , Tonidandel F. , Silva J. R. 2007. itSIMPLE2.0: an integrated tool for designing planning environments. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2007), Boddy, M., Fox, M. & Thi\u00e9baux, S. (eds). Providence, Rhode Island, USA, 336\u2013343. AAAI Press."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref27","unstructured":"Vaquero T. S. , Tonidandel F. , Barros L. N. , Silva J. R. 2006. On the use of UML.p for modeling a real application as a planning problem. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS), Long, D., Smith, S., Borrajo, D. & McCluskey, L. (eds). Cumbria, UK, 434\u2013437. AAAI Press."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref26","unstructured":"Udo M. , Vaquero T. S. , Silva J. R. , Tonidandel F. 2008. Lean software development domain. In Proceedings of ICAPS 2008 Scheduling and Planning Application workshop, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref25","volume-title":"Axiomatic Design: Advances and Applications","author":"Suh","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozemberg G. , Engelfriet J. 1998. Elementary Net Systems. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1491, 12\u2013121. Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-65306-6_14"},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/985072.985091"},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref14","unstructured":"Murata T. 1989. Petri Nets: properties, analysis and applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 77, 541\u2013580."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref9","unstructured":"Ledang H. , Souquieres J. 2002. Integration of UML and B specification techniques. In Proceedings of APSEC 2002. IEEE Computer Society, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, 495."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref8","unstructured":"Kindler E. , Weber M. 2001. A universal module concept for Petri Nets. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshops Algorithmen und Werkzeuge f\u00fcr Petrinetze, Gabriel Juhas und Robert Lorenz (Hrsg.) \u2013 Katholische Universitat Eichstatt, 7\u201312."},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-0701-9"},{"key":"S0269888912000434_ref31","unstructured":"Edelkamp S. , Mehler T. 2005. Knowledge acquisition and knowledge engineering in the ModPlan workbench. 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