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Unfortunately, traditional biometric authentication systems are prone to several attacks, such as Replay Attacks, Communication Attacks, and Database Attacks. Embedded biometric sensors overcome security limits of conventional software recognition systems, hiding its common attack points. The availability of mature reconfigurable hardware technology, such as field-programmable gate arrays, allows the developers to design and prototype the whole embedded biometric sensors. In this work, two strong and invasive biometric traits, such as fingerprint and iris, have been considered, analyzed, and combined in unimodal and multimodal biometric sensors. Biometric sensor performance has been evaluated using the well-known FVC2002, CASIA, and BATH databases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888914000307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]],"date-time":"2015-03-25T07:37:52Z","timestamp":1427269072000},"page":"201-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biometric sensors rapid prototyping on field-programmable gate arrays"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Militello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Sorbello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Vitabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888914000307_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30548-4_58"},{"key":"S0269888914000307_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitabile S. , Conti V. , Lentini G. & Sorbello F. 2005. An intelligent sensor for fingerprint recognition. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, ISBN: 3-540-30807-5, Lecture Note in Computer Science 3824, 27\u201336. Springer-Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/11596356_6"},{"key":"S0269888914000307_ref39","unstructured":"UK Biometrics Working Group (BWG) 2003. Biometrics Security Concerns. BWG."},{"key":"S0269888914000307_ref37","unstructured":"Snijder M. 2006. Security & Privacy in Large Scale Biometric Systems, EC JRC\/IPTS, European Biometrics Forum, September 25."},{"key":"S0269888914000307_ref36","unstructured":"Shi J. Q. Z. , Zhao X. & Wang Y. 2004. A novel fingerprint matching method based on the Hough transform without quantization of the Hough space. 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