{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T18:29:05Z","timestamp":1767637745414,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Maximum Academic Press","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":170,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Knowledge Engineering Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While modern definitions of business processes exist and are shared in the business process management (BPM) community, a commonly agreed meta-model is still missing. Nonetheless, several different business process meta-models have been proposed and discussed in the literature, which look at business process models from different perspectives, focusing on different aspects and often using different labels for denoting the same element or element relation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In this paper, we extend and consolidate an effort of building a business process meta-model starting from elements and relations discovered inspecting relevant literature through a systematic literature review. The obtained\n                    <jats:italic>literature-based business process meta-model<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is on purpose built to disclose critical issues, is then inspected, compared to a previous, more restricted, version, and discussed. The analysis confirms a lack of attention to some crucial business process elements, as well as the presence of some unclear relations and subsumption cycles. Moreover it brings about new issues and inconsistencies in the meta-models proposed in literature, which we address\u00a0-\u00a0at least in part - using an ontological analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1017\/s0269888925000049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T04:02:16Z","timestamp":1750392136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A business process meta-model: construction from the literature and ontological clarifications"],"prefix":"10.48130","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8108-2383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greta","family":"Adamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Di Francescomarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Ghidini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2012.09.002"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1135777.1136012"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87877-3_16"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1141277.1141633"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01862-6_16"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref50","unstructured":"Hua, Z. , Zhao, J. L. & Storey, V. C. 2010. Exploring a domain ontology based approach to business process design. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, ICIS 2010, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA, December 12\u201315, 2010. Association for Information Systems."},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref22","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering 2018","author":"Brings","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref40","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Databases and Information Systems IV - Selected Papers from the Seventh International Baltic Conference, DBandIS 2006, July 3\u20136, 2006, Vilnius, Lithuania","author":"Guizzardi","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/13673270310477261"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10726-006-9064-4"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref42","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Agent-Oriented Information Systems II, 6th International Bi-Conference Workshop, AOIS 2004, Riga, Latvia, June 8, 2004 and New York, NY, USA, July 20, 2004, Revised Selected Papers","author":"Guizzardi","year":"2004"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2015.04.008"},{"key":"S0269888925000049_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Korherr, B. & List, B. 2007. 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